新疆于田及周边地区地震活动性与重力异常特征
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摘要
基于最新重力场模型对2014年于田Ms7.3地震震区的重力异常特征进行分析,并应用Crust1.0地壳模型计算得到震区的深部构造形态,结果显示:震中位于地壳厚度陡变带上.同2008年于田Ms7.3地震相比,震中虽位于不同位置,但发震机制均与深部地壳结构变化密切相关.统计研究区内历史地震活动性与重力异常之间的关系,发现震中的自由空气异常与地形存在明显的线性相关性,而布格异常和均衡异常的结果则明显不同.进一步地分别计算不同重力异常的水平总梯度和线性信号,结果表明:重力异常梯度量与地形的相关特性更明显.研究表明:Ms7.0以上大震活动与重力异常之间具有明显的统计特性学,这可能与重力异常反映的深部结构和壳内质量分布的不均匀有关.
The latest model of the gravitational field was used in the analysis of the gravity anomaly characteristics in the Yutian seismic zone and surrounding regions.The layered crustal structure model(Crust1.0)has been applied to obtain the deep tectonic structure around the seismic zone.This epicenter occurred in the steep variations of the crustal thickness.Contrast to the Ms7.3earthquake in2008 in this region,although these two epicenter were located in different 3-D spaces,they are closely related to the changes in the deep crustal structures.Besides,based on the statistical analysis of the relationship between the seismicity of historical earthquakes(Ms≥5.0)and three different gravity anomalies,we found that the free-air gravity anomalies in the seismic zone are in an obvious linear correlation to the topography,while the Bouguer anomaly and isostatic anomaly are distinctly different with the topography.In addition,the total gorizontal gradient(HGM)of the anomalies were calculated and the analytical signal(ASL)was plotted,which suggest that the gradient values are more distinctly correlated.The results show that a significant statistical characteristic exists between the activities of the strong earthquakes(Ms≥7.0)and the gravity anomalies,which may be related to the mass uneven distribution of the deep structure which caused the gravity anomaly.
The latest model of the gravitational field was used in the analysis of the gravity anomaly characteristics in the Yutian seismic zone and surrounding regions.The layered crustal structure model(Crust1.0)has been applied to obtain the deep tectonic structure around the seismic zone.This epicenter occurred in the steep variations of the crustal thickness.Contrast to the Ms7.3earthquake in2008 in this region,although these two epicenter were located in different 3-D spaces,they are closely related to the changes in the deep crustal structures.Besides,based on the statistical analysis of the relationship between the seismicity of historical earthquakes(Ms≥5.0)and three different gravity anomalies,we found that the free-air gravity anomalies in the seismic zone are in an obvious linear correlation to the topography,while the Bouguer anomaly and isostatic anomaly are distinctly different with the topography.In addition,the total gorizontal gradient(HGM)of the anomalies were calculated and the analytical signal(ASL)was plotted,which suggest that the gradient values are more distinctly correlated.The results show that a significant statistical characteristic exists between the activities of the strong earthquakes(Ms≥7.0)and the gravity anomalies,which may be related to the mass uneven distribution of the deep structure which caused the gravity anomaly.
引文
Chen,C.Y.,Ren,J.W.,Meng,G.J.,et al.,2013.Division,Deformation and Tectonic Implication of Active Blocks inthe Eastern Segment of Bayan Har Block.Chinese J.Geophys.,56(12):4125-4141(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cui,J.W.,Zhang,X.W.,Li,P.W.,2002.The Altun Fault:ItsGeometry,Nature and Mode of Growth.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,23(6):509-516(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Fernández,M.,Fullea,J.,Zeyen,H.,2008.FA2BOUG—AFORTRAN 90 Code to Compute Bouguer GravityAnomalies from Gridded Free-Air Anomalies:Application to the Atlantic-Mediterranean Transition Zone.Computers&Geosciences,34(12):1665-1681.doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.018
Gao,X.,Deng,Q.D.,2013.Activity Analysis of Large Earthquakes in Boundary Faults around the Bayankala Faulting Block.Acta Geologica Sinica,87(1):9-19(inChinese with English abstract).
Geng,T.,Tian,Q.N.,Yang,H.Q.,et al.,2008.Constraints ofthe Regional Gravitational Field on the Trend and Extension of the Southwestern Part of the Altyn TaghFault.Geology in China,35(5):841-848(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Laske,G.,Masters,G.,Ma,Z.,et al.,2013.Update on Crust1.0A1-Degree Global Model of Earths Crust.Geophys.Res.Abstracts,15:2658.
Li,Q.S.,Peng,S.P.,Gao,R.,et al.,2003.Seismic Evidence ofthe Basement Uplift in the Bayan Har Tectonic Belt,Qinghai,and Its Tectonic Significance.Geological Bulletin of China,22(10):782-788(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Li,Y.,Oldenburg,D.W.,1998.Separation of Regional andResidual Magnetic Field Data.Geophysics,63(2):431-439.doi:10.1190/1.1444343
Li,Z.H.,Ma,H.S.,Qu,Y.J.,2009.Study on SeismogenicStructure and Seismic Activity Characteristics beforethe Yutian Ms7.3 Earthquake on March 21,2008,Xinjiang.Earthquake Research in China,25(2):199-205(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,M.,Stein,S.,Wang,H.,2011a.,2000Years of MigratingEarthquakes in North China:How Earthquakes in Midcontinents Differ from Those at Plate Boundaries.Lithos,3(2):128-132.doi:10.1130/L129.1
Liu,M.,Yang,Y.,Li,Q.,et al.,2011b.Parallel Finite Element Modeling of Multi-Timescale Faulting and Lithospheric Deformation in the Western US.In:Keller,R.,Baru,C.,eds.,Cyberinfrastructure for Geosciences.Cambridge Press,London,68-94.
Ren,S.M.,Ge,X.H.,Liu,Y.J.,2003.Progress in Altyn FaultBelts Research.Advance in Earth Sciences,6(3):386-391(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sandwell,D.T.,Garcia,E.,Soofi,K.,et al.,2013.Toward 1-mGal Accuracy in Global Marine Gravity from CryoSat-2,Envisat,and Jason-1.The Leading Edge,32(8):892-899.doi:10.1190/tle32080892.1
Sandwell,D.T.,Smith,W.H.F.,1997.Marine Gravity Anomaly from Geosat and ERS 1Satellite Altimetry.Journalof Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,102(B5):10039-10054.doi:10.1029/96JB03223
Sandwell,D.T.,Smith,W.H.F.,2009.Global Marine Gravityfrom Retracked Geosat and ERS-1 Altimetry:RidgeSegmentation versus Spreading Rate.Journal of Geophysical Research,114(B1):B01411.doi:10.1029/2008JB006008
Shen,J.,Song,H.P.,Chen,J.B.,et al.,2013.Field Investigation on the Near-Fault Damaging Effects of the 2008Yutian Ms7.1Earthquake in Xinjiang,China.Earth Science Frontiers,20(6):85-93(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Smith,W.H.F.,Sandwell,D.T.,1997.Global Sea Floor Topography from Satellite Altimetry and Ship DepthSoundings.Science,277(5334):1956-1962.doi:10.1126/science.277.5334.1956
Stein,S.,Liu,M.,Calais,E.,et al.,2009.Mid-ContinentEarthquakes as a Complex System.Seismological Research Letters,80(4):551-553.doi:10.1785/gssrl.80.4.551
Song,T.R.A.,Simons M.,2003.Large Trench-Parallel Gravity Variations Predict Seismogenic Behavior in Subduction Zones.Science,301(5633):630-633.doi:10.1126/science.1085557
Wan,Y.G.,Shen,Z.K.,Shen,S.Z.,et al.,2010.The Mechanical Effects of the 2008 Ms7.3 Yutian,Xinjiang Earthquake on the Neighboring Faults and Its Tectonic Origin of Normal Faulting Mechanism.Chinese J.Geophys,53(2):280-289(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Q.S.,2003.Gravitology.Seismological Press,Beijing,128-147(in Chinese).
Wang,W.Y.,2010.Spatial Variation Law of the ExtremeValue Positions of Total Horizontal Derivative for Potential Field Data.Chinese J.Geophys.,53(9):2257-2270(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,X.W.,Tan,X.B.,Wu,G.D.,et al.,2011.Surface RuptureFeatures of the Yutian Ms7.3Earthquake and Its Tectonic Nature.Seismology and Geology,33(2):462-471(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.Q.,Yang,J.S.,Zhang,J.X.,et al.,1999.A Comparisonbetween the Tectonic Units on the Two Sides of the Altun Sinistral Strike-Slip Fault and the Mechanism ofLithospheric Shearing.Acta Geologica Sinica,73(3):193-205(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,X.Y.,Chen,L.W.,Yang,L.M.,et al.,2013.NumericalSimulation on Strong Earthquake Dynamic Process ofBayan Har Block.Acta Seismologica Sinica,35(3):304-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,G.M.,Zhang,P.Z.,1999.Recent Research Progress onthe Mechanism and Forcast for Continental StrongEarthquakes.China Basic Science,(Z1):47-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,P.Z.,Deng,Q.D.,Zhang,G.M.,et al.,2003.StrongEarthquake Activities and Continental Block of Mainland China.Science in China(Series D),33(S1):12-20(in Chinese).
Zhang,Y.,Xu,L.S.,Chen,Y.T.,et al.,2014.Fast Inversionfor the Rupture Process of the 12February 2014YutianMw6.9Earthquake:Discussion on the Impacts of FocalMechanisms on Rupture Process Inversions.Acta Seismologica Sinica36(2):159-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈长云,任金卫,孟国杰,等,2013.巴颜喀拉块体东部活动块体的划分、形变特征及构造意义.地球物理学报,56(12):4125-4141.
崔军文,张晓卫,李朋武,2002.阿尔金断裂:几何学、性质和生长方式.地球学报,23(6):509-516.
高翔,邓起东,2013.巴颜喀喇断块边界断裂强震活动分析.地质学报,87(1):9-19.
耿涛,田黔宁,杨汇群,等,2008.阿尔金断裂西南端走向及延伸的区域重力场制约.中国地质,35(5):841-848.
李秋生,彭苏萍,高锐,等,2003.青藏高原北部巴颜喀拉构造带基底隆起的地震学证据.地质通报,22(10):782-788.
李志海,马宏生,曲延军,2009.2008年3月21日新疆于田7.3级地震发震构造与震前地震活动特征研究.中国地震,25(2):199-205.
任收麦,葛肖虹,刘永江,2003.阿尔金断裂带研究进展.地球科学进展,6(3):386-391.
沈军,宋和平,陈建波,等,2013.2008年3月21日新疆于田7.1级地震近断层破坏作用.地学前缘,20(6):89-97.
万永革,沈正康,盛书中,等,2010.2008年新疆于田7.3级地震对周围断层的影响及其正断层机制的区域构造解释.地球物理学报,53(2):280-289.
王谦身,2003.重力学.北京:地震出版社,128-147.
王万银,2010.位场总水平导数极值位置空间变化规律研究.地球物理学报,53(9):2257-2270.
徐锡伟,谭锡斌,吴国栋,等,2011.2008年于田Ms7.3地震地表破裂带特征及其构造属性讨论.地震地质,33(2):462-471.
许志琴,杨经绥,张建新,等,1999.阿尔金断裂两侧构造单元的对比及岩石圈剪切机制.地质学报,73(3):193-205.
杨兴悦,陈连旺,杨立明,等,2013.巴颜喀拉块体强震动力学过程数值模拟.地震学报,35(3):304-314.
张国民,张培震,1999.近年来大陆强震机理与预测研究的主要进展中国基础科学,(Z1):47-58.
张培震,邓起东,张国民,等,2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),33(S1):12-20.
张勇,许力生,陈运泰,等,2014.2014年2月12日于田Mw6.9地震破裂过程初步反演:兼论震源机制对地震破裂过程反演的影响.地震学报,36(2):159-164.
Cui,J.W.,Zhang,X.W.,Li,P.W.,2002.The Altun Fault:ItsGeometry,Nature and Mode of Growth.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,23(6):509-516(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Fernández,M.,Fullea,J.,Zeyen,H.,2008.FA2BOUG—AFORTRAN 90 Code to Compute Bouguer GravityAnomalies from Gridded Free-Air Anomalies:Application to the Atlantic-Mediterranean Transition Zone.Computers&Geosciences,34(12):1665-1681.doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.018
Gao,X.,Deng,Q.D.,2013.Activity Analysis of Large Earthquakes in Boundary Faults around the Bayankala Faulting Block.Acta Geologica Sinica,87(1):9-19(inChinese with English abstract).
Geng,T.,Tian,Q.N.,Yang,H.Q.,et al.,2008.Constraints ofthe Regional Gravitational Field on the Trend and Extension of the Southwestern Part of the Altyn TaghFault.Geology in China,35(5):841-848(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Laske,G.,Masters,G.,Ma,Z.,et al.,2013.Update on Crust1.0A1-Degree Global Model of Earths Crust.Geophys.Res.Abstracts,15:2658.
Li,Q.S.,Peng,S.P.,Gao,R.,et al.,2003.Seismic Evidence ofthe Basement Uplift in the Bayan Har Tectonic Belt,Qinghai,and Its Tectonic Significance.Geological Bulletin of China,22(10):782-788(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Li,Y.,Oldenburg,D.W.,1998.Separation of Regional andResidual Magnetic Field Data.Geophysics,63(2):431-439.doi:10.1190/1.1444343
Li,Z.H.,Ma,H.S.,Qu,Y.J.,2009.Study on SeismogenicStructure and Seismic Activity Characteristics beforethe Yutian Ms7.3 Earthquake on March 21,2008,Xinjiang.Earthquake Research in China,25(2):199-205(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,M.,Stein,S.,Wang,H.,2011a.,2000Years of MigratingEarthquakes in North China:How Earthquakes in Midcontinents Differ from Those at Plate Boundaries.Lithos,3(2):128-132.doi:10.1130/L129.1
Liu,M.,Yang,Y.,Li,Q.,et al.,2011b.Parallel Finite Element Modeling of Multi-Timescale Faulting and Lithospheric Deformation in the Western US.In:Keller,R.,Baru,C.,eds.,Cyberinfrastructure for Geosciences.Cambridge Press,London,68-94.
Ren,S.M.,Ge,X.H.,Liu,Y.J.,2003.Progress in Altyn FaultBelts Research.Advance in Earth Sciences,6(3):386-391(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sandwell,D.T.,Garcia,E.,Soofi,K.,et al.,2013.Toward 1-mGal Accuracy in Global Marine Gravity from CryoSat-2,Envisat,and Jason-1.The Leading Edge,32(8):892-899.doi:10.1190/tle32080892.1
Sandwell,D.T.,Smith,W.H.F.,1997.Marine Gravity Anomaly from Geosat and ERS 1Satellite Altimetry.Journalof Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,102(B5):10039-10054.doi:10.1029/96JB03223
Sandwell,D.T.,Smith,W.H.F.,2009.Global Marine Gravityfrom Retracked Geosat and ERS-1 Altimetry:RidgeSegmentation versus Spreading Rate.Journal of Geophysical Research,114(B1):B01411.doi:10.1029/2008JB006008
Shen,J.,Song,H.P.,Chen,J.B.,et al.,2013.Field Investigation on the Near-Fault Damaging Effects of the 2008Yutian Ms7.1Earthquake in Xinjiang,China.Earth Science Frontiers,20(6):85-93(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Smith,W.H.F.,Sandwell,D.T.,1997.Global Sea Floor Topography from Satellite Altimetry and Ship DepthSoundings.Science,277(5334):1956-1962.doi:10.1126/science.277.5334.1956
Stein,S.,Liu,M.,Calais,E.,et al.,2009.Mid-ContinentEarthquakes as a Complex System.Seismological Research Letters,80(4):551-553.doi:10.1785/gssrl.80.4.551
Song,T.R.A.,Simons M.,2003.Large Trench-Parallel Gravity Variations Predict Seismogenic Behavior in Subduction Zones.Science,301(5633):630-633.doi:10.1126/science.1085557
Wan,Y.G.,Shen,Z.K.,Shen,S.Z.,et al.,2010.The Mechanical Effects of the 2008 Ms7.3 Yutian,Xinjiang Earthquake on the Neighboring Faults and Its Tectonic Origin of Normal Faulting Mechanism.Chinese J.Geophys,53(2):280-289(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Q.S.,2003.Gravitology.Seismological Press,Beijing,128-147(in Chinese).
Wang,W.Y.,2010.Spatial Variation Law of the ExtremeValue Positions of Total Horizontal Derivative for Potential Field Data.Chinese J.Geophys.,53(9):2257-2270(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,X.W.,Tan,X.B.,Wu,G.D.,et al.,2011.Surface RuptureFeatures of the Yutian Ms7.3Earthquake and Its Tectonic Nature.Seismology and Geology,33(2):462-471(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.Q.,Yang,J.S.,Zhang,J.X.,et al.,1999.A Comparisonbetween the Tectonic Units on the Two Sides of the Altun Sinistral Strike-Slip Fault and the Mechanism ofLithospheric Shearing.Acta Geologica Sinica,73(3):193-205(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,X.Y.,Chen,L.W.,Yang,L.M.,et al.,2013.NumericalSimulation on Strong Earthquake Dynamic Process ofBayan Har Block.Acta Seismologica Sinica,35(3):304-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,G.M.,Zhang,P.Z.,1999.Recent Research Progress onthe Mechanism and Forcast for Continental StrongEarthquakes.China Basic Science,(Z1):47-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,P.Z.,Deng,Q.D.,Zhang,G.M.,et al.,2003.StrongEarthquake Activities and Continental Block of Mainland China.Science in China(Series D),33(S1):12-20(in Chinese).
Zhang,Y.,Xu,L.S.,Chen,Y.T.,et al.,2014.Fast Inversionfor the Rupture Process of the 12February 2014YutianMw6.9Earthquake:Discussion on the Impacts of FocalMechanisms on Rupture Process Inversions.Acta Seismologica Sinica36(2):159-164(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈长云,任金卫,孟国杰,等,2013.巴颜喀拉块体东部活动块体的划分、形变特征及构造意义.地球物理学报,56(12):4125-4141.
崔军文,张晓卫,李朋武,2002.阿尔金断裂:几何学、性质和生长方式.地球学报,23(6):509-516.
高翔,邓起东,2013.巴颜喀喇断块边界断裂强震活动分析.地质学报,87(1):9-19.
耿涛,田黔宁,杨汇群,等,2008.阿尔金断裂西南端走向及延伸的区域重力场制约.中国地质,35(5):841-848.
李秋生,彭苏萍,高锐,等,2003.青藏高原北部巴颜喀拉构造带基底隆起的地震学证据.地质通报,22(10):782-788.
李志海,马宏生,曲延军,2009.2008年3月21日新疆于田7.3级地震发震构造与震前地震活动特征研究.中国地震,25(2):199-205.
任收麦,葛肖虹,刘永江,2003.阿尔金断裂带研究进展.地球科学进展,6(3):386-391.
沈军,宋和平,陈建波,等,2013.2008年3月21日新疆于田7.1级地震近断层破坏作用.地学前缘,20(6):89-97.
万永革,沈正康,盛书中,等,2010.2008年新疆于田7.3级地震对周围断层的影响及其正断层机制的区域构造解释.地球物理学报,53(2):280-289.
王谦身,2003.重力学.北京:地震出版社,128-147.
王万银,2010.位场总水平导数极值位置空间变化规律研究.地球物理学报,53(9):2257-2270.
徐锡伟,谭锡斌,吴国栋,等,2011.2008年于田Ms7.3地震地表破裂带特征及其构造属性讨论.地震地质,33(2):462-471.
许志琴,杨经绥,张建新,等,1999.阿尔金断裂两侧构造单元的对比及岩石圈剪切机制.地质学报,73(3):193-205.
杨兴悦,陈连旺,杨立明,等,2013.巴颜喀拉块体强震动力学过程数值模拟.地震学报,35(3):304-314.
张国民,张培震,1999.近年来大陆强震机理与预测研究的主要进展中国基础科学,(Z1):47-58.
张培震,邓起东,张国民,等,2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块.中国科学(D辑),33(S1):12-20.
张勇,许力生,陈运泰,等,2014.2014年2月12日于田Mw6.9地震破裂过程初步反演:兼论震源机制对地震破裂过程反演的影响.地震学报,36(2):159-164.
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