苏里格气田低渗透砂岩岩性气藏多波地震勘探技术
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田是典型的低渗、低压、低丰度"三低"气田,二叠系下石盒子组盒8段砂体纵向相互叠置,横向复合连片,有效储层相对较薄、气水关系较复杂。针对以上地质问题开展多波地震处理及流体检测技术研究,重点进行了转换波静校正、速度分析、纵横波一致性处理等多波处理关键技术研究,提高了多波地震资料的成像精度;创新应用多波联合叠前同时反演、多波AVO分析、岩石弹性参数交会等技术,获得了更加准确的弹性参数体,降低了单一纵波储层预测的多解性。由于采用独立变量的两种弹性参数交会寻找储层的异常响应,比单一地震参数预测可提高对储层异常的分辨率,因此,提高了岩性和流体检测的精度,使有效储层(指气层、含气层累计厚度)预测的符合率到80%以上,在苏里格气田勘探和开发井位部署中应用效果显著,为苏里格气田大规模的提交储量和有效开发提供了重要的技术支撑。
Sulige gas field is a typical low-permeability, low-pressure and low-abundance gas field in Ordos Basin. The sand bodies of the He-8 Member of the Lower Permian Shihezi Formation are vertically overlaid and horizontally linked up. The effective layers are relatively thin with the water-gas relations complicated. The technological research is focused on multi-wave seismic processing and fl uid detection in the light of the above-stated issues. A number of key multi-wave processing technologies are emphasized in the study, such as static correction of conversion wave, velocity analysis, and P and S wave consistency processing, improving imaging precision of multi-wave seismic data. Meanwhile, multi-wave joint pre-stack simultaneous inversion, multi-wave AVO analysis, and rock elastic parameter crossplot are applied in a creative way to acquire more accurate elastic parameters and reduce the multi-description of reservoir prediction by use of only P wave. Based on crossplot of two independent elastic parameters to identify abnormal response, the resolution of reservoir is improved as compared to the prediction by using a single seismic parameter. As a result, the accuracy of lothologic and fl uid detection is improved, enabling the coincidence rate of predicting effective reservoirs(referring to gas-bearing layers and accumulated thickness of gas-bearing layers) to exceed 80 percent. Remarkable achievements have been made in application of this technology for deployment of well location in exploration and development of Sulige Gas Field. It also provides a technological support for large-scale and effective development of the gas field.
Sulige gas field is a typical low-permeability, low-pressure and low-abundance gas field in Ordos Basin. The sand bodies of the He-8 Member of the Lower Permian Shihezi Formation are vertically overlaid and horizontally linked up. The effective layers are relatively thin with the water-gas relations complicated. The technological research is focused on multi-wave seismic processing and fl uid detection in the light of the above-stated issues. A number of key multi-wave processing technologies are emphasized in the study, such as static correction of conversion wave, velocity analysis, and P and S wave consistency processing, improving imaging precision of multi-wave seismic data. Meanwhile, multi-wave joint pre-stack simultaneous inversion, multi-wave AVO analysis, and rock elastic parameter crossplot are applied in a creative way to acquire more accurate elastic parameters and reduce the multi-description of reservoir prediction by use of only P wave. Based on crossplot of two independent elastic parameters to identify abnormal response, the resolution of reservoir is improved as compared to the prediction by using a single seismic parameter. As a result, the accuracy of lothologic and fl uid detection is improved, enabling the coincidence rate of predicting effective reservoirs(referring to gas-bearing layers and accumulated thickness of gas-bearing layers) to exceed 80 percent. Remarkable achievements have been made in application of this technology for deployment of well location in exploration and development of Sulige Gas Field. It also provides a technological support for large-scale and effective development of the gas field.
引文
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[8]中国石油勘探与生产分公司.低渗透砂岩气藏地震勘探关键技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:112-114.China Petroleum Exploration and Production Branch.Key technologies and applications of low permeability sandstone gas reservoir seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:112-114.
[9]王大兴,于波,张盟勃,等.地震叠前储层预测方法[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):314-317.Wang Daxing,Yu Bo,Zhang Mengbo,et al.Pre-stack seismic reservoir prediction methods[J].Gas Industry,2007,27(Supp.A):314-317.
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[11]黄绪德,杨文霞.转换波地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:69-70.Huang Xude,Yang Wenxia.Converted wave seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:69-70.
[12]赵邦六.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:68-71,118-119.Zhao Bangliu.Multi-component seismic exploration technology theory and practice[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:68-71,118-119.
[13]刘洋,魏修成.转换波三参数速度分析和动校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):504-509.Liu Yang,Wei Xiucheng.Converted wave three-parameter velocity analysis and dynamic correction method[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2005,40(5):504-509.
[14]杨志芳,曹宏,姚逢昌,等.复杂孔隙结构储层地震岩石物理分析及应用[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):50-56.Yang Zhifang,Cao Hong,Yao Fengchang,et al.Seismic rock physical analysis of complex porous reservoir and its application[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(3):50-56.
[15]Daxing Wang,Yuhua Zhao,Mengbo Zhang,Liping Chen*,Xinwei He,Yuting He.Rock physical analysis of carbonate rocks with complex pore structure[C].SEG Houston2013 Annual Meeting,2013:2811-2814.
[16]秦凤启,王亚,王孟华,等.叠前叠后地震多属性反演在牛东潜山油气检测中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):39-45.Qin Fnegqi,Wang Ya,Wang Menghua,et al.Application of pre-stack and post-stack seismic multi-attribute inversion for oil and gas inspection of Niudong buried hill[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):39-45.
[17]王大兴,赵玉华,周义军,等.苏里格气田多波地震处理与储层预测技术研究及应用[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):95-102,174.Wang Daxing,Zhao Yuhua,Zhou Yijun,et al.Study and application of multi-wave seismic processing and reservoir prediction techniques in Sulige gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(5-6):95-102,174.
[18]王大兴,张盟勃.全数字地震叠前储层预测技术及应用效果[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):44-48.Wang Daxing,Zhang Mengbo.Full digital seismic prestack reservoir prediction technology and its application results[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):44-48.
[19]赵政璋,赵贤正,王英民.储层地震预测理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:210.Zhao Zhengzhang,Zhao Xianzheng,Wang Yingmin.Reservoir seismic prediction theory and practice[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:210.
[20]X W He,D X Wang,M B Zhang,et al.A case study for detecting thin tight sand gas in the Sulige gas field from joint PPPS geostatistical AVO inversion[C].75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC,2013.
[21]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[22]刘彦锋,尹志军,李进步,等.多点地质统计学在苏49-01井区沉积微相建模中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(4):41-46.Liu Yanfeng,Yin Zhijun,Li Jinbu,et al.Application of multiple-point geostatistics in sedimentary microfacies modeling in SU49-01 area of Sulige gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(4):41-46.
[23]王学军,蔡加铭,魏小东.油气勘探领域地球物理技术现状及其发展趋势[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(4):30-42.Wang Xuejun,Cai Jiaming,Wei Xiaodong.The current status and development trend of geophysical technology for oil and gas exploration[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(4):30-42.
[24]何海清,李建忠.中国石油“十一五”以来油气勘探成果、地质新认识与技术进展[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):1-13.He Haiqing,Li Jianzhong.Petro China’s oil and gas exploration results,new geological theories and technological achievements since 11th Five-Year Plan Period[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):1-13.
[2]李明瑞,张清,王明瑜.苏里格气田上古生界主要含气层系黏土矿物特征及敏感性分析[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(2):32-37.Li Mingrui,Zhang Qing,Wang Mingyu.Characteristics of clay minerals and reservoir sensitivity in Upper Paleozoic of Sulige gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(2):32-37.
[3]王大兴,史松群,赵玉华.苏里格庙储层预测技术及效果[J].中国石油勘探,2001,6(3):32-43.Wang Daxing,Shi Songqun,Zhao Yuhua.reservoir prediction technique and results in Suligemiao[J].China Petroleum Exploration,200,6(3):32-43.
[4]李凌高,甘利灯,杜文辉,等.叠前地震反演在苏里格气田储层识别和含气性检测中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):261-265.Li Linggao,Gan Lideng,Du Wenhui,et al.Pre-stack seismic inversion in gas field reservoir identification and detection[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(2):261-265.
[5]明治良,贺新蔚,孙进,等.苏里格地区低渗透砂岩气藏多波地震勘探技术及应用[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):103-110.Ming Zhiliang,He Xinwei,Sun Jin,et al.Multi-component seismic exploration technology and its application in tight gas reservoirs of Sulige area[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(5-6):103-110.
[6]杨华,王喜双,王大兴.苏里格气田多波地震勘探关键技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013:20-25.Yanhua,Wang Xishuang,Wang Daxing,Key technologies of multi-wave seismic exploration in Sulige[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2013:20-25.
[7]王九拴,胡杰,刘志强,等.柴达木三湖地区转换波地震资料处理解释技术应用[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):157-163.Wang Jiushuan,Hu Jie,Liu Zhiqiang,et al.Application of converted-wave seismic data processing and interpreting technique in Sanhu area,Qaidam Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(5-6):157-163.
[8]中国石油勘探与生产分公司.低渗透砂岩气藏地震勘探关键技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:112-114.China Petroleum Exploration and Production Branch.Key technologies and applications of low permeability sandstone gas reservoir seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:112-114.
[9]王大兴,于波,张盟勃,等.地震叠前储层预测方法[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):314-317.Wang Daxing,Yu Bo,Zhang Mengbo,et al.Pre-stack seismic reservoir prediction methods[J].Gas Industry,2007,27(Supp.A):314-317.
[10]杜金虎,赵邦六,王喜双,等.中国石油物探技术攻关成效及成功做法[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):1-7.Du Jinhu,Zhao Bangliu,Wang Xishuang,et al.Achievements and successful experience of Petro China in geophysical research[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(5-6):1-7.
[11]黄绪德,杨文霞.转换波地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:69-70.Huang Xude,Yang Wenxia.Converted wave seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008:69-70.
[12]赵邦六.多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:68-71,118-119.Zhao Bangliu.Multi-component seismic exploration technology theory and practice[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:68-71,118-119.
[13]刘洋,魏修成.转换波三参数速度分析和动校正方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(5):504-509.Liu Yang,Wei Xiucheng.Converted wave three-parameter velocity analysis and dynamic correction method[J].Petroleum Geophysical Exploration,2005,40(5):504-509.
[14]杨志芳,曹宏,姚逢昌,等.复杂孔隙结构储层地震岩石物理分析及应用[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):50-56.Yang Zhifang,Cao Hong,Yao Fengchang,et al.Seismic rock physical analysis of complex porous reservoir and its application[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(3):50-56.
[15]Daxing Wang,Yuhua Zhao,Mengbo Zhang,Liping Chen*,Xinwei He,Yuting He.Rock physical analysis of carbonate rocks with complex pore structure[C].SEG Houston2013 Annual Meeting,2013:2811-2814.
[16]秦凤启,王亚,王孟华,等.叠前叠后地震多属性反演在牛东潜山油气检测中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(2):39-45.Qin Fnegqi,Wang Ya,Wang Menghua,et al.Application of pre-stack and post-stack seismic multi-attribute inversion for oil and gas inspection of Niudong buried hill[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(2):39-45.
[17]王大兴,赵玉华,周义军,等.苏里格气田多波地震处理与储层预测技术研究及应用[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):95-102,174.Wang Daxing,Zhao Yuhua,Zhou Yijun,et al.Study and application of multi-wave seismic processing and reservoir prediction techniques in Sulige gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(5-6):95-102,174.
[18]王大兴,张盟勃.全数字地震叠前储层预测技术及应用效果[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(1):44-48.Wang Daxing,Zhang Mengbo.Full digital seismic prestack reservoir prediction technology and its application results[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(1):44-48.
[19]赵政璋,赵贤正,王英民.储层地震预测理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:210.Zhao Zhengzhang,Zhao Xianzheng,Wang Yingmin.Reservoir seismic prediction theory and practice[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:210.
[20]X W He,D X Wang,M B Zhang,et al.A case study for detecting thin tight sand gas in the Sulige gas field from joint PPPS geostatistical AVO inversion[C].75th EAGE Conference&Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC,2013.
[21]Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452.
[22]刘彦锋,尹志军,李进步,等.多点地质统计学在苏49-01井区沉积微相建模中的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(4):41-46.Liu Yanfeng,Yin Zhijun,Li Jinbu,et al.Application of multiple-point geostatistics in sedimentary microfacies modeling in SU49-01 area of Sulige gas field[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(4):41-46.
[23]王学军,蔡加铭,魏小东.油气勘探领域地球物理技术现状及其发展趋势[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(4):30-42.Wang Xuejun,Cai Jiaming,Wei Xiaodong.The current status and development trend of geophysical technology for oil and gas exploration[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(4):30-42.
[24]何海清,李建忠.中国石油“十一五”以来油气勘探成果、地质新认识与技术进展[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(6):1-13.He Haiqing,Li Jianzhong.Petro China’s oil and gas exploration results,new geological theories and technological achievements since 11th Five-Year Plan Period[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(6):1-13.
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