大型离心振动台耦合特性参数分析
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摘要
认识离心振动台-吊篮-岩土模型运动耦合关系对离心振动台发展和动力离心试验数值仿真具有重要意义,针对吊篮具有轻、柔特点,开展了大型离心振动台设计方法与耦合运动关系等相关问题研究。首先对比分析大型离心振动台关键问题和设计方法,建立了液压执行机构耦合关系等效简化模型;其次,推导离心振动台系统耦合运动传递函数,进行了一系列影响参数研究。结果表明,提高阻尼比和质量比是降低离心振动台与吊篮谐振现象的有效方法,其中质量比考虑离心机有效容量,推荐为4;吊篮刚度过大将加重二者谐振,橡胶剪切支座刚度对谐振无明显影响。
As clarifying coupling relationship among centrifugal shaker,bucket and soil sample is crucial to the development of centrifugal shaker and the numerical simulation of dynamic centrifuge experiment,and buckets are featured by lightmass and flexibility,several fundamental issues revolving around the design method,coupling characteristic and servo control of large centrifugal shakers are studied herein. Contrastive study is first conducted on critical problems and design methods of large centrifugal shakers and a simplified equivalent coupling model to hydraulic actuators is established. The coupling systematic transfer functions of centrifugal shakers are then derived,and a series of parametric analyses are performed. The results show that increasing damping ratio and mass ratio of buckets are both effective means to mitigate resonant action between buckets and centrifugal shakers with a recommended value of 4 to mass ratio proposed by considering effective capacities of centrifuges. While large stiffness of bucket tends to aggravate the resonant action and insignificant influence of shear stiffness of rubber bearings on the resonant behavior is observed.
As clarifying coupling relationship among centrifugal shaker,bucket and soil sample is crucial to the development of centrifugal shaker and the numerical simulation of dynamic centrifuge experiment,and buckets are featured by lightmass and flexibility,several fundamental issues revolving around the design method,coupling characteristic and servo control of large centrifugal shakers are studied herein. Contrastive study is first conducted on critical problems and design methods of large centrifugal shakers and a simplified equivalent coupling model to hydraulic actuators is established. The coupling systematic transfer functions of centrifugal shakers are then derived,and a series of parametric analyses are performed. The results show that increasing damping ratio and mass ratio of buckets are both effective means to mitigate resonant action between buckets and centrifugal shakers with a recommended value of 4 to mass ratio proposed by considering effective capacities of centrifuges. While large stiffness of bucket tends to aggravate the resonant action and insignificant influence of shear stiffness of rubber bearings on the resonant behavior is observed.
引文
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[17]罗中宝,杨志东,丛大成,等.大型液压离心振动台的耦合特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(11):17-25.LUO Zhongbao,YANG Zhidong,CONG Dacheng,et al.Coupling characteristic analysis of a large hydraulic centrifugal shaker[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(11):17-25.(in Chinese)
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[19]韩俊伟,于丽明,赵慧,等.地震模拟振动台三状态控制的研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,31(3):21-28.HAN Junwei,YU Liming,ZHAO Hui,et al.Study of three state controller of seismic simulating shaking table[J].Journal of Harbin of Institute of Technology,1999,31(3):21-28.(in Chinese)
[2]章为民,赖忠中,徐光明.电液式土工离心机振动台的研制[J].水利水运工程学报,2002,(1):63-66.ZHANG Weimin,LAI Zhongzhong,XU Guangming.Development of an electro-hydraulic shake table for the centrifuge[J].Hydro-science and Engineering,2002,(1):63-66.(in Chinese)
[3]张建民,于玉贞,濮家骝,等.电液伺服控制离心机振动台系统研制[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(6):843-845.ZHANG Jianmin,YU Yuzhen,PU Jialiu,et al.Development of a shaking table in electro-hydraulic servo-control centrifuge[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(6):843-845.(in Chinese)
[4]侯瑜京.土工离心机振动台及其试验技术[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2006,4(1):15-22.HOU Yujing.Centrifuge shakers and testing technique[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2006,4(1):15-22.(in Chinese)
[5]徐光明,吴宏伟.大圆筒岸壁码头的量纲分析和离心模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(10):1544-1552.XU Guangming,WU hongwei.Dimensional analysis and centrifuge modeling of quay wall of large-diameter bottomless cylinders[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(10):1544-1552.(in Chinese)
[6]陈云敏,韩超,凌道盛,等.ZJU400离心机研制及其振动台性能评价[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(12):1887-1894.CHEN Yunmin,HAN Chao,LING Daosheng,et al.Development of geotechnical centrifuge ZJU400 and performance assessment of its shaking table system[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(12):1887-1894.(in Chinese)
[7]刘晶波,赵冬冬,张小波,等.地基自由场离心机振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(11):980-987.LIU Jingbo,ZHAO Dongdong,ZHANG Xiaobo,et al.Dynamic centrifuge model tests on an unconfined soil foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(11):980-987.(in Chinese)
[8]Wilson D W,Boulanger R W,Feng X,et al.The NEES geotechnical centrifuge at UC Davis[C]∥Proc.of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver.Canada:IEEE Press,2004.Paper No.2497.
[9]Kim N R,Park D S,Shin D H,et al.An 800 g-tonne geotechnical centrifuge at K-water Institute,Korea[C]∥Physical Modeling in Geotechnics,London,England,2014,175-180.
[10]Kenji Y,Takuya A,Shunichi H,et al.Centrifuge shaking table tests and FEM analysis of RC pile foundation and underground structure[C]∥Prof.of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Lisbon.Portugal,2012.Paper No.1630.
[11]Kutter B.L.Recent advances in centrifuge modeling of seismic shaking[C]∥Proc.3th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics,Missouri,America,1995,Paper No.SOA8.
[12]Ilankatharan M,&Kutter B.Modeling input motion boundary conditions for simulations of geotechnical shaking table tests[J].Earthquake Spectra,2010,26(2):349-369.
[13]Mason H B,Bray J D,Kutter B L,et al.Earthquake motion selection and calibration for use in a geotechnical centrifuge[C]∥Proc.7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics,Zurich,Switzerland,2010,2:361-366.(in Chinese)
[14]黄茂松,曹杰.隧道地震响应简化分析与动力离心试验验证[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):271-280.HUANG Maosong,CAO Jie.Simplified analysis of tunnel earthquake response and centrifuge modelling calibration[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):271-280.(in Chinese)
[15]NG C W W,Xu G M.The Hong Kong geotechnical centrifuge[C]∥Proc.of 3rd International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering,Hong Kong,China,2001,225-230.
[16]马军辉.吊篮刚度对离心机振动台控制特性的影响[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.MA Junhui.The influence of basket’s stiffness on centrifugal shaker’s control characteristic[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011.(in Chinese)
[17]罗中宝,杨志东,丛大成,等.大型液压离心振动台的耦合特性分析[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(11):17-25.LUO Zhongbao,YANG Zhidong,CONG Dacheng,et al.Coupling characteristic analysis of a large hydraulic centrifugal shaker[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(11):17-25.(in Chinese)
[18]王永志,大型动力离心机设计理论与关键技术研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2013.WANG Yongzhi.Study on the design theory and key technology for large dynamic centrifuge[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2013.(in Chinese)
[19]韩俊伟,于丽明,赵慧,等.地震模拟振动台三状态控制的研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,1999,31(3):21-28.HAN Junwei,YU Liming,ZHAO Hui,et al.Study of three state controller of seismic simulating shaking table[J].Journal of Harbin of Institute of Technology,1999,31(3):21-28.(in Chinese)
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