水岩作用下损伤砂岩强度劣化规律试验研究
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摘要
针对震后边坡岩体在降雨或库水浸泡作用下易出现变形破坏的现状,选取典型砂岩为研究对象,对岩样先进行循环加卸载损伤作用,再进行浸泡–风干循环水岩作用试验,对损伤砂岩在水岩作用下的劣化效应和机制进行详细研究。结果表明:(1)循环加载作用导致的岩石矿物颗粒界面滑移、局部接触变形和破坏不仅使得岩样产生塑性变形,而且使得岩样内部形成初始损伤;(2)在浸泡–风干循环水岩作用过程中,损伤砂岩的抗压、抗剪强度劣化效应明显,具有明显的时间效应和非均匀性;(3)与完整岩样相比,损伤岩样的强度劣化速度更快,说明水岩作用对损伤岩样的耦合损伤效应明显,这也能较好解释一些震后边坡在经历多个浸泡或者降雨周期后容易失稳的原因。
In view of the case that the slope rock mass after earthquake was frequently destroyed under the condition of rain or immersion for reservoir,typical sandstone was chosen as the research object to test under the condition of cycling loading and unloading first and circulating soaking-drying. Besides,the degradation mechanism of the sandstone was studied at length. The experiment results show that:(1) The plastic deformation and internal damage of rock were not only caused by slippage of mineral grains surface but deformation and failure of local contact in cycling loading and unloading;(2) The degradation of compressive strength and shearing strength was obvious in process of circulating soaking-drying which showed obvious time effect and heterogeneity;(3) Compared with the complete sample,the degradation speed of damage rock sample is faster,which means coupling damage effect of damage rock is obvious and can better explain why some slope after earthquake were instability under several times of cycling soaking-drying and raining.
In view of the case that the slope rock mass after earthquake was frequently destroyed under the condition of rain or immersion for reservoir,typical sandstone was chosen as the research object to test under the condition of cycling loading and unloading first and circulating soaking-drying. Besides,the degradation mechanism of the sandstone was studied at length. The experiment results show that:(1) The plastic deformation and internal damage of rock were not only caused by slippage of mineral grains surface but deformation and failure of local contact in cycling loading and unloading;(2) The degradation of compressive strength and shearing strength was obvious in process of circulating soaking-drying which showed obvious time effect and heterogeneity;(3) Compared with the complete sample,the degradation speed of damage rock sample is faster,which means coupling damage effect of damage rock is obvious and can better explain why some slope after earthquake were instability under several times of cycling soaking-drying and raining.
引文
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[14]傅晏,刘新荣,张永兴,等.水岩相互作用对砂岩单轴强度的影响研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(6):54–58.(FU Yan,LIU Xinrong,ZHANG Yongxin,et al.Study on the influence of water-rock interaction to the strength of sandstone[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2009,36(6):54–58.(in Chinese))
[15]姚华彦,张振华,朱朝辉,等.干湿交替对砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3 704–3 708.(YAO Huayan,ZHANG Zhenhua,ZHU Chaohui,et al.Experimental study of mechanical properties of sandstone under cyclic drying and wetting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3 704–3 708.(in Chinese))
[16]姜永东,阎宗岭,刘元雪,等.干湿循环作用下岩石力学性质的实验研究[J].中国矿业,2011,20(5):104–110.(JIANG Yongdong,YAN Zongling,LIU Yuanxue,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of rock under the conditions of wet and dry cycles[J].China Mining Magazine,2011,20(5):104–110.(in Chinese))
[17]JENG F S,LIN M L,HUANG T H.Wetting deterioration of soft sandstone—microscopic insights[C]//An International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.Melbourne:[s.n.],2000:525.
[18]HALE P A,SHAKOOR A.A laboratory investigation of the effects of cyclic heating and cooling,wetting and drying,and freezing and thawing on the compressive strength of selected sandstones[J].Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,2003,9(2):117–130.
[19]邓华锋.库水变幅带水–岩作用机理和作用效应研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2010.(DENG Huafeng.Study on the mechanism and effects of water-rock interaction under water level change region[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2010.(in Chinese))
[20]邓华锋,李建林,邓成进,等.岩石力学试验中试样选择和抗压强度预测方法研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(11):3 399–3 403.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,DENG Chengjin,et al.Analysis of sampling in rock mechanics test and compressive strength prediction methods[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(11):3 399–3 403.(in Chinese))
[21]邓华锋,李建林,王孔伟,等.“饱和–风干”循环过程中砂岩次生孔隙率变化规律研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):483–488.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,WANG Kongwei,et al.Research on secondary porosity changing law of sandstone under saturation-air dry cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):483–488.(in Chinese))
[22]邓华锋,李建林,朱敏,等.饱水–风干循环作用下砂岩强度劣化规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3 306–3 312.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,ZHU Min,et al.Experimental research on strength deterioration rules of sandstone under“saturation-air dry”circulation function[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3 306–3 312.(in Chinese))
[23]邓华锋,李建林,孙旭曙,等.水作用下砂岩断裂力学效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1 342–1 348.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,SUN Xushu,et al.Experimental research on fracture mechanical effect of sandstone under water corrosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1 342–1 348.(in Chinese))
[24]邓华锋,李建林,刘杰,等.浸泡–风干循环作用对砂岩变形及破坏特征影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(9):1 620–1 626.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,LIU Jie,et al.Influence of immersion-air dry circulation function on deformation and fracture features of sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(9):1 620–1 626.(in Chinese))
[25]尤明庆,苏承东,徐涛.岩石试样的加载卸载过程及杨氏模量[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):588–592.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong,XU Tao.Loading or unloading process in axial direction and Youngs modulus of rock specimen[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(5):588–592.(in Chinese))
[26]尤明庆,苏承东.大理岩试样循环加载强化作用的试验研究[J].固体力学学报,2008,29(1):66–72.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong.Experimental study on strengthening of marble specimen in cyclic loading of uniaxial or pseudo-triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2008,29(1):66–72.(in Chinese))
[27]涂光炽,卢焕章,洪业汤.高等地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:20–35.(TU Guangchi,LU Huanzhang,HONG Yetang.Higher geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:20–35.(in Chinese))
[2]肖锐铧,陈成名,李梦.震后灾区地质灾害防治的思考和建议[J].中国水运,2009,9(12):139–140.(XIAO Ruihua,CHEN Chengmin,LI Meng.Thinking and suggestion of geological disaster prevention and control in earthquake disaster area[J].China Water Transport,2009,9(12):139–140.(in Chinese))
[3]TUTUNCU A N,PODIO A L,SHARMA M M.Nonlinear visco-elastic behavior of sedimentary rocks,part I:effect of frequency and strain amplitude[J].Geoohysics,1998,63(1):184–190.
[4]TUTUNCU A N,PODIO A L,SHARMA M M.Nonlinear visco-elastic behavior of sedimentary rocks,part II:hysteresis effect and influence of type of fluid on elastic moduli[J].Geophysics,1998,63(1):195–203.
[5]BAGDE M N,PETROS V.Fatigue properties of intact sandstone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxal cyclical loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(2):237–250.
[6]宛新林,席道瑛.饱和砂岩对周期性循环载荷的动态响应[J].物探化探计算技术,2009,31(5):410–417.(WAN Xinlin,XI Daoying.The dynamic response of saturated sandstone by cyclic loading[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,31(5):410–417.(in Chinese))
[7]陈运平,王思敬.多级循环荷载下饱和岩石的弹塑性响应[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1 030–1 034.(CHEN Yunping,WANG Sijing.Elastoplastic response of saturated rocks subjected to multilevel cyclic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1 030–1 034.(in Chinese))
[8]席道瑛,薛彦伟,宛新林.循环载荷下饱和砂岩的疲劳损伤[J].物探化探计算技术,2004,24(3):193–198.(XI Daoying,XUE Yanwei,WAN Xinlin.The damage of saturated sandstones under cyclic loading[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2004,24(3):193–198.(in Chinese))
[9]朱明礼,朱珍德,李刚,等.循环荷载作用下花岗岩动力特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(12):2 520–2 526.(ZHU Mingli,ZHU Zhende,LI Gang,et al.Experimental study of dynamic characteristics of granite under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(12):2 520–2 526.(in Chinese))
[10]曹平,杨慧,江学良.水岩作用下岩石亚临界裂纹的扩展规律[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,42(2):649–654.(CAO Ping,YANG Hui,JIANG Xueliang.Subcritical crack growth of rock during water-rock interaction[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2010,42(2):649–654.(in Chinese))
[11]汪亦显,曹平,黄永恒.水作用下软岩软化与损伤断裂效应的时间相依性[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(4):55–62.(WANG Yixian,CAO Ping,HUANG Yongheng.Time-dependence of damage and fracture effect for strain softening of soft rock under water corrosion[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science,2010,42(4):55–62.(in Chinese))
[12]王运生,吴俊峰,魏鹏.四川盆地红层水岩作用岩石弱化时效性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):3 102–3 108.(WANG Yunsheng,WU Junfeng,WEI Peng.Research on time effect of rock weaking by water-rock interaction I of redbeds in Sichuang basin[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):3 102–3 108.(in Chinese))
[13]李彦军,王学武,冯学钢.T3x须家河组砂岩饱水作用下水岩相互作用规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):226–228.(LI Yanjun,WANG Xuewu,FENG Xuegang.Research on the regularities of the water-rock interaction of the saturated T3x sandstone[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(3):226–228.(in Chinese))
[14]傅晏,刘新荣,张永兴,等.水岩相互作用对砂岩单轴强度的影响研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(6):54–58.(FU Yan,LIU Xinrong,ZHANG Yongxin,et al.Study on the influence of water-rock interaction to the strength of sandstone[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2009,36(6):54–58.(in Chinese))
[15]姚华彦,张振华,朱朝辉,等.干湿交替对砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3 704–3 708.(YAO Huayan,ZHANG Zhenhua,ZHU Chaohui,et al.Experimental study of mechanical properties of sandstone under cyclic drying and wetting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3 704–3 708.(in Chinese))
[16]姜永东,阎宗岭,刘元雪,等.干湿循环作用下岩石力学性质的实验研究[J].中国矿业,2011,20(5):104–110.(JIANG Yongdong,YAN Zongling,LIU Yuanxue,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of rock under the conditions of wet and dry cycles[J].China Mining Magazine,2011,20(5):104–110.(in Chinese))
[17]JENG F S,LIN M L,HUANG T H.Wetting deterioration of soft sandstone—microscopic insights[C]//An International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.Melbourne:[s.n.],2000:525.
[18]HALE P A,SHAKOOR A.A laboratory investigation of the effects of cyclic heating and cooling,wetting and drying,and freezing and thawing on the compressive strength of selected sandstones[J].Environmental and Engineering Geoscience,2003,9(2):117–130.
[19]邓华锋.库水变幅带水–岩作用机理和作用效应研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2010.(DENG Huafeng.Study on the mechanism and effects of water-rock interaction under water level change region[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2010.(in Chinese))
[20]邓华锋,李建林,邓成进,等.岩石力学试验中试样选择和抗压强度预测方法研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(11):3 399–3 403.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,DENG Chengjin,et al.Analysis of sampling in rock mechanics test and compressive strength prediction methods[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(11):3 399–3 403.(in Chinese))
[21]邓华锋,李建林,王孔伟,等.“饱和–风干”循环过程中砂岩次生孔隙率变化规律研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(2):483–488.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,WANG Kongwei,et al.Research on secondary porosity changing law of sandstone under saturation-air dry cycles[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(2):483–488.(in Chinese))
[22]邓华锋,李建林,朱敏,等.饱水–风干循环作用下砂岩强度劣化规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3 306–3 312.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,ZHU Min,et al.Experimental research on strength deterioration rules of sandstone under“saturation-air dry”circulation function[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3 306–3 312.(in Chinese))
[23]邓华锋,李建林,孙旭曙,等.水作用下砂岩断裂力学效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1 342–1 348.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,SUN Xushu,et al.Experimental research on fracture mechanical effect of sandstone under water corrosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1 342–1 348.(in Chinese))
[24]邓华锋,李建林,刘杰,等.浸泡–风干循环作用对砂岩变形及破坏特征影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(9):1 620–1 626.(DENG Huafeng,LI Jianlin,LIU Jie,et al.Influence of immersion-air dry circulation function on deformation and fracture features of sandstone[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(9):1 620–1 626.(in Chinese))
[25]尤明庆,苏承东,徐涛.岩石试样的加载卸载过程及杨氏模量[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(5):588–592.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong,XU Tao.Loading or unloading process in axial direction and Youngs modulus of rock specimen[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(5):588–592.(in Chinese))
[26]尤明庆,苏承东.大理岩试样循环加载强化作用的试验研究[J].固体力学学报,2008,29(1):66–72.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong.Experimental study on strengthening of marble specimen in cyclic loading of uniaxial or pseudo-triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2008,29(1):66–72.(in Chinese))
[27]涂光炽,卢焕章,洪业汤.高等地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:20–35.(TU Guangchi,LU Huanzhang,HONG Yetang.Higher geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:20–35.(in Chinese))
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