边坡潜在滑移面关键单元岩体裂隙演化特征细观试验与滑移机制研究
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摘要
利用自行研制开发的剪切蠕变细观试验装置与软弱煤岩细观力学特性测控软件,对边坡潜在滑移面关键区红砂岩进行系统剪切蠕变试验研究,分析红砂岩在不同载荷水平的剪切蠕变作用下细观裂纹扩展的时空演化规律及破坏后破裂面形态特征与剪切蠕变强度之间的关系,初步探讨边坡的滑移机制。结果表明:剪切蠕变作用下,红砂岩宏观蠕变变形与细观裂隙扩展同步进行;红砂岩裂纹扩展方向与剪切应力方向具有一定偏差,且出现多次分岔;裂纹多为绕晶体边缘扩展,扩展路径的不规则性受到岩体晶体分布特征的影响;岩体不同成分之间的应力响应差异、变形不协调和微裂隙之间的相互作用促进了裂隙的萌生和扩展,裂隙多在张拉和剪切共同作用下形成;破裂面粗糙度与剪切蠕变强度呈非线性递增关系,曲率呈先增大后减小趋势。
Shear creep tests on red sandstone were performed using the microscopic shear creep testing device and the monitoring software of coal micromechanics properties developed in-house. The temporal and spatial variation of the micro-cracks in red sandstone under the shear creep condition and the relationship between the morphological properties of the rupture surface and the shear creep strength were analyzed. The mechanism of the slope slip was also discussed. The creep deformation and the micro-cracks propagation were found to develop simultaneously. The direction of propagation of micro-cracks was not in the direction of shear stress and multiple bifurcations occurred in the process of crack propagation. Most cracks were along the boundaries of grains and the irregularity of the propagation path of cracks was affected by the distribution of rock grains. Micro-cracks were mostly produced by the tension and shearing together. The differences of stresses and the incompatible deformation at the different components of rock and the interaction of micro-cracks promoted the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks. The curve describing the roughness of rupture surface versus the shear creep strength increased non-linearly with the curvature increased at first then decreased.
Shear creep tests on red sandstone were performed using the microscopic shear creep testing device and the monitoring software of coal micromechanics properties developed in-house. The temporal and spatial variation of the micro-cracks in red sandstone under the shear creep condition and the relationship between the morphological properties of the rupture surface and the shear creep strength were analyzed. The mechanism of the slope slip was also discussed. The creep deformation and the micro-cracks propagation were found to develop simultaneously. The direction of propagation of micro-cracks was not in the direction of shear stress and multiple bifurcations occurred in the process of crack propagation. Most cracks were along the boundaries of grains and the irregularity of the propagation path of cracks was affected by the distribution of rock grains. Micro-cracks were mostly produced by the tension and shearing together. The differences of stresses and the incompatible deformation at the different components of rock and the interaction of micro-cracks promoted the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks. The curve describing the roughness of rupture surface versus the shear creep strength increased non-linearly with the curvature increased at first then decreased.
引文
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[15]张鲁渝,郑颖人,赵尚毅,等.有限元强度折减系数法计算土坡稳定安全系数的精度研究[J].水利学报,2003,(1):21–27.(ZHANG Luyu,ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,et al.The feasibility study of strength-reduction method with FEM for calculating safety factors of soil slope stability[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(1):21–27.(in Chinese))
[16]LACROIX P,AMITRANO D.Long-term dynamics of rockslides and damage propagation inferred from mechanical modeling[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2013,118(4):2 292–2 307.
[17]刘雄.岩石流变学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:139–141.(LIU Xiong.A introduction to rock rheology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:139–141.(in Chinese))
[2]GRIFFITHS D V,FENTON GORDON A.Probabilistic slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2004,130(5):507–518.
[3]SARMA S K,TAN D.Determination of critical slip surface in slope analysis[J].Geotechnique,2006,56(8):539–550.
[4]CHING J Y,PHOON K K,HU Y G.Efficient evaluation of reliability for slopes with circular slip surfaces using importance sampling[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2009,135(6):768–777.
[5]ROOHOLLAH K,NAZRI B A,EMAD A.Fiding the critical slip surface of a soil slope with the aid of particle swarm optimization[C]//The 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference.Albena,Bulgaria:[s.n.],2011:459–466.
[6]HAJIAZIZI M,TAVANA H.Determining three-dimensional nonspherical critical slip surface in earth slopes using an optimization method[J].Engineering Geology,2013,153(1):114–124.
[7]MENDJEL D,MESSAST S.Development of limit equilibrium method as optimization in slope stability analysis[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,2012,41(3):339–348.
[8]黄润秋.岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 525–1 544.(HUANG Runqiu.Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 525–1 544.(in Chinese))
[9]赵洪宝,潘卫东.开挖对岩质边坡稳定性影响的数值模拟[J].金属矿山,2011,40(7):32–35.(ZHAO Hongbao,PAN Weidong.Numerical simulation of the impact of excavation on stability of rock slope[J].Metal Mine,2011,40(7):32–35.(in Chinese))
[10]BABA H O,PETH S.Large scale soil box test to investigate soil deformation and creep movement on slopes by Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2012,125(Supp.1):38–43.
[11]戴自航,卢才金.边坡失稳机制的力学解释[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(10):1 191–1 197.(DAI Zihang,LU Caijin.Mechanical explanations on mechanism of slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(10):1 191–1 197.(in Chinese))
[12]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3 381–3 388.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Application of strength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 381–3 388.(in Chinese))
[13]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键,等.有限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39–60.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,DENG Chujian,et al.Development of finite element limit analysis method and its applications in geotechnical engineering[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(12):39–60.(in Chinese))
[14]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 714–1 723.(ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 714–1 723.(in Chinese))
[15]张鲁渝,郑颖人,赵尚毅,等.有限元强度折减系数法计算土坡稳定安全系数的精度研究[J].水利学报,2003,(1):21–27.(ZHANG Luyu,ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,et al.The feasibility study of strength-reduction method with FEM for calculating safety factors of soil slope stability[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(1):21–27.(in Chinese))
[16]LACROIX P,AMITRANO D.Long-term dynamics of rockslides and damage propagation inferred from mechanical modeling[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2013,118(4):2 292–2 307.
[17]刘雄.岩石流变学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:139–141.(LIU Xiong.A introduction to rock rheology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:139–141.(in Chinese))
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