考虑累积损伤退化的钢材等效本构模型研究
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摘要
在结构抗震分析中,钢材在循环荷载作用下的一维本构关系是利用杆系模型进行结构弹塑性地震响应分析的基础。为了更准确地模拟结构在强震作用下的反应,提出能够考虑累积损伤、刚度和强度退化的钢材等效本构模型,包括骨架曲线、滞回准则以及退化特征,利用损伤控制因子数学模型对钢构件、节点及结构的损伤退化全程进行描述。根据提出的等效本构模型并利用有限元软件ABAQUS提供的用户材料子程序UMAT,采用Fortran语言开发能够进行钢框架强震作用分析的损伤退化过程计算程序。采用等效本构模型对典型试验进行模拟分析,其结果与试验结果吻合良好,充分证明钢材等效本构模型用于钢构件在强震作用下弹塑性分析的准确性及可行性。
In seismic analysis of structures,one-dimensional constitutive model of structural steel subjected to cyclic loading is the basis for seismic response study. In order to simulate the seismic response more accurately,a uniaxial equivalent constitutive model of structural steel under cyclic loading was proposed,which considered cumulative damage and degradation of strength and stiffness. The model consisted of hysteretic skeleton curves,hysteretic criterion and degradation characteristic. The mathematical expressions of damage control factors were defined to describe the degradation behavior of steel members,connections and structures. According to the user subroutine interfaces UMAT provided by ABAQUS and proposed model,the program was implemented with Fortran language for simulating the damage and degradation process of the seismic analysis under strong earthquake. The simulative results of equivalent constitutive model were consistent with test curves. The proposed model was proved correct and applicable for elasticplastic analysis of structures under strong earthquake.
In seismic analysis of structures,one-dimensional constitutive model of structural steel subjected to cyclic loading is the basis for seismic response study. In order to simulate the seismic response more accurately,a uniaxial equivalent constitutive model of structural steel under cyclic loading was proposed,which considered cumulative damage and degradation of strength and stiffness. The model consisted of hysteretic skeleton curves,hysteretic criterion and degradation characteristic. The mathematical expressions of damage control factors were defined to describe the degradation behavior of steel members,connections and structures. According to the user subroutine interfaces UMAT provided by ABAQUS and proposed model,the program was implemented with Fortran language for simulating the damage and degradation process of the seismic analysis under strong earthquake. The simulative results of equivalent constitutive model were consistent with test curves. The proposed model was proved correct and applicable for elasticplastic analysis of structures under strong earthquake.
引文
[1]国家自然科学基金委员会.学科发展战略研究报告:建筑、环境与土木工程Ⅱ[R].北京:科学出版社,2006.(National Natural Science Foundation Committee.Subject development strategy research report:construction,environment and civil engineering:Ⅱ[R].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]Saatcioglu M,Humar J.Dynamic analysis of buildings for earthquake resistant design[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2003,30(2):338-359.
[3]李国强,冯健.罕遇地震下多高层建筑钢结构弹塑性位移的实用计算[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):77-83.(LI Guoqiang,FENG Jian.A practical approach for estimating elasto-plastic displacements of multistory and tall steel buildings under severe earthquakes[J].Journal of Building Structures,2000,21(1):77-83.(in Chinese))
[4]刘永华,张耀春.空间钢框架精细塑性铰法高等分析[J].工程力学,2006,23(增刊I):108-116.(Liu Yonghua,Zhang Yaochun.Refined plastic hinged analysis of spatial steel frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(suppl.I):108-116.(in Chinese))
[5]Motohide T,Makoto O,Satoshi Y,et al.E-defense tests on full-scale steel buildings:part 3:analytical simulation of collapse[C]//Research Frontiers at structures Congress.Reston,VA:American Society of Civil Engineers,2007:1-12.
[6]李兆霞,孙正华,郭力,陈鸿天,余洋.结构损伤一致多尺度模拟和分析方法[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,37(2):251-260.(Li Zhaoxia,Sun Zhenghua,Guo Li,Chen Hongtian,Yu Yang.Concurrent multi-scale modeling of structures and damage analyses[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2007,37(2):251-260.(in Chinese))
[7]赵岩,林家浩,唐光武.复杂结构局部非线性地震反应精细时程分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2004,44(2):190-194.(Zhao Yan,Lin Jiahao,Tang Guangwu.Precise integration of seismic responses of complex structures with local non-linearity[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2004,44(2):190-194.(in Chinese))
[8]Krawinkler H,Zareian F.Predication of collapse:how realistic and practical is it and what can we learn from it?[J].The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2007,16(5):633-653.
[9]Fernandez-Davila V I,Cruz E F.Parametric study of the non-linear seismic response of three-dimensional building models[J].Engineering Structures,2006,28(5):756-770.
[10]Liao K W,Wen Y K,Foutch D A.Evaluation of 3D steel moment frames under earthquake excitations:I:modeling[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2007,133(3):462-470.
[11]Castiglioni C A.Effects of the loading history on the local buckling behavior and failure mode of welded beam-to-column joints in moment-resisting steel frames[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,2005,131(6):568-585.
[12]Esmaeily A,Xiao Y.Behavior of reinforced concrete columns under variable axial loads:analysis[J].ACI Structural Journal,2005,102(5):736-744.
[13]聂建国,陶慕轩.采用纤维梁单元分析钢-混凝土组合结构地震反应的原理[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(10):1-10.(NIE Jianguo,TAO Muxuan.Theory of seismic response analysis of steel-concrete composite structures using fiber beam elements[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(10):1-10.(in Chinese))
[14]Shi Y J,Wang M,Wang Y Q.Extremely low cycle fatigue experimental and constitutive model study of structural steel under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2011,67(8):1185-1197.
[15]Shi G,Wang M,Bai Y,et al.Experimental and modeling study of high-strength structural steel under cyclic loading[J].Engineering Structures,2012,37:1-13.
[16]郝际平.钢结构在循环荷载作用下的局部屈曲、低周疲劳的试验与理论研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,1995:65-67.(Hao Jiping.Experimental and theoretical study of local buckling and low cyclic fatigue of steel structure under cyclic load[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,1995:65-67.(in Chinese))
[17]Menegotto M,Pinto P E.Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending[C]//Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads.Lisbon,Portugal:IABSE,1973:15-22.
[18]Légeron F,Paultre P,Mazars J.Damage mechanics modelling of nonlinear seismic behavior of concrete structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2005,131(6):946-955.
[19]ABAQUS.Analysis user’s manual I_V.Version 6.9[M].Providence,Rhode Island:ABAQUS,Inc.,Dassault Systèmes,2009.
[20]庒茁,张帆,岑松,等.ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:504-511.(Zhuang Zhuo,Zhang Fan,Cen Song,et al.ABAQUS nonlinear finite element analysis and examples[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:504-511.(in Chinese))
[21]聂建国,王宇航.基于ABAQUS的钢-混凝土组合结构纤维梁模型的开发及应用[J].工程力学,2012,29(1):70-80.(Nie Jianguo,Wang Yuhang.Development and application of steel-concrete composite fiber beam model in ABAQUS platform[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(1):70-80.(in Chinese))
[22]Ballio G,Castiglioni C A.Seismic behavior of steel sections[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,1994,29(1/2/3):21-54.
[23]Castiglioni C A,Paima D N.Experimental behavior of steel member under cyclic bending[J].Costruzioni Metalliche,1989,2(3):97-114.
[24]Ricles J M,Mao C S,Lu L W,et al.Inelastic cyclic testing of welded unreinforced moment connections[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2002,128(4):429-440.
[25]陈宏.高层钢结构节点地震脆断机理及抗震性能研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2001:25-85.(Chen Hong.Seismic brittle fracture mechanism and seismic behavior of steel beam-column connections in tall building[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2001:25-85.(in Chinese))
[26]Wang W,Zhang Y Y,Chen Y Y,et al.Improving seismic performance of steel moment connections with noncompact beam web[C]//The 6th International Symposium on Steel Structures.Seoul,Korea:Korean Society of Steel Construction,2011:517-522.
[27]杨庆山,李波,杨娜.梁腹板开圆孔钢框架梁柱节点的性能研究[J].工程力学,2007,24(9):111-121.(Yang Qingshan,Li Bo,Yang Na.Investigation on behaviors of connection with opening in beam web of steel moment resisting frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(9):111-121.(in Chinese))
[2]Saatcioglu M,Humar J.Dynamic analysis of buildings for earthquake resistant design[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2003,30(2):338-359.
[3]李国强,冯健.罕遇地震下多高层建筑钢结构弹塑性位移的实用计算[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(1):77-83.(LI Guoqiang,FENG Jian.A practical approach for estimating elasto-plastic displacements of multistory and tall steel buildings under severe earthquakes[J].Journal of Building Structures,2000,21(1):77-83.(in Chinese))
[4]刘永华,张耀春.空间钢框架精细塑性铰法高等分析[J].工程力学,2006,23(增刊I):108-116.(Liu Yonghua,Zhang Yaochun.Refined plastic hinged analysis of spatial steel frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(suppl.I):108-116.(in Chinese))
[5]Motohide T,Makoto O,Satoshi Y,et al.E-defense tests on full-scale steel buildings:part 3:analytical simulation of collapse[C]//Research Frontiers at structures Congress.Reston,VA:American Society of Civil Engineers,2007:1-12.
[6]李兆霞,孙正华,郭力,陈鸿天,余洋.结构损伤一致多尺度模拟和分析方法[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,37(2):251-260.(Li Zhaoxia,Sun Zhenghua,Guo Li,Chen Hongtian,Yu Yang.Concurrent multi-scale modeling of structures and damage analyses[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2007,37(2):251-260.(in Chinese))
[7]赵岩,林家浩,唐光武.复杂结构局部非线性地震反应精细时程分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2004,44(2):190-194.(Zhao Yan,Lin Jiahao,Tang Guangwu.Precise integration of seismic responses of complex structures with local non-linearity[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2004,44(2):190-194.(in Chinese))
[8]Krawinkler H,Zareian F.Predication of collapse:how realistic and practical is it and what can we learn from it?[J].The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2007,16(5):633-653.
[9]Fernandez-Davila V I,Cruz E F.Parametric study of the non-linear seismic response of three-dimensional building models[J].Engineering Structures,2006,28(5):756-770.
[10]Liao K W,Wen Y K,Foutch D A.Evaluation of 3D steel moment frames under earthquake excitations:I:modeling[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2007,133(3):462-470.
[11]Castiglioni C A.Effects of the loading history on the local buckling behavior and failure mode of welded beam-to-column joints in moment-resisting steel frames[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,2005,131(6):568-585.
[12]Esmaeily A,Xiao Y.Behavior of reinforced concrete columns under variable axial loads:analysis[J].ACI Structural Journal,2005,102(5):736-744.
[13]聂建国,陶慕轩.采用纤维梁单元分析钢-混凝土组合结构地震反应的原理[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(10):1-10.(NIE Jianguo,TAO Muxuan.Theory of seismic response analysis of steel-concrete composite structures using fiber beam elements[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(10):1-10.(in Chinese))
[14]Shi Y J,Wang M,Wang Y Q.Extremely low cycle fatigue experimental and constitutive model study of structural steel under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2011,67(8):1185-1197.
[15]Shi G,Wang M,Bai Y,et al.Experimental and modeling study of high-strength structural steel under cyclic loading[J].Engineering Structures,2012,37:1-13.
[16]郝际平.钢结构在循环荷载作用下的局部屈曲、低周疲劳的试验与理论研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,1995:65-67.(Hao Jiping.Experimental and theoretical study of local buckling and low cyclic fatigue of steel structure under cyclic load[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,1995:65-67.(in Chinese))
[17]Menegotto M,Pinto P E.Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending[C]//Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined Repeated Loads.Lisbon,Portugal:IABSE,1973:15-22.
[18]Légeron F,Paultre P,Mazars J.Damage mechanics modelling of nonlinear seismic behavior of concrete structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2005,131(6):946-955.
[19]ABAQUS.Analysis user’s manual I_V.Version 6.9[M].Providence,Rhode Island:ABAQUS,Inc.,Dassault Systèmes,2009.
[20]庒茁,张帆,岑松,等.ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:504-511.(Zhuang Zhuo,Zhang Fan,Cen Song,et al.ABAQUS nonlinear finite element analysis and examples[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005:504-511.(in Chinese))
[21]聂建国,王宇航.基于ABAQUS的钢-混凝土组合结构纤维梁模型的开发及应用[J].工程力学,2012,29(1):70-80.(Nie Jianguo,Wang Yuhang.Development and application of steel-concrete composite fiber beam model in ABAQUS platform[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(1):70-80.(in Chinese))
[22]Ballio G,Castiglioni C A.Seismic behavior of steel sections[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,1994,29(1/2/3):21-54.
[23]Castiglioni C A,Paima D N.Experimental behavior of steel member under cyclic bending[J].Costruzioni Metalliche,1989,2(3):97-114.
[24]Ricles J M,Mao C S,Lu L W,et al.Inelastic cyclic testing of welded unreinforced moment connections[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2002,128(4):429-440.
[25]陈宏.高层钢结构节点地震脆断机理及抗震性能研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2001:25-85.(Chen Hong.Seismic brittle fracture mechanism and seismic behavior of steel beam-column connections in tall building[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2001:25-85.(in Chinese))
[26]Wang W,Zhang Y Y,Chen Y Y,et al.Improving seismic performance of steel moment connections with noncompact beam web[C]//The 6th International Symposium on Steel Structures.Seoul,Korea:Korean Society of Steel Construction,2011:517-522.
[27]杨庆山,李波,杨娜.梁腹板开圆孔钢框架梁柱节点的性能研究[J].工程力学,2007,24(9):111-121.(Yang Qingshan,Li Bo,Yang Na.Investigation on behaviors of connection with opening in beam web of steel moment resisting frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(9):111-121.(in Chinese))
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