Based on the micro-examination of core observation data by means of polarization microscope and scanning electron microscope, the authors systematically studied the diagenesis of Shahejie Formation vocalic rocks in Qikou Depression, and divided the diagenesis system of volcanic rocks into early diagenetic phase and late diagenetic phase as well as thirteen diagenetic types. Studies indicate that diagenesis has played dual functions of improving and destroying on the reservoir physical property. The diageneses which are constructive to the reservoirs are mainly volatile and escaping action, dissolution, condensation and contraction, diversification, mechanical compaction, weathering-leaching dissolution, and corrosion. The diageneses which are destructive to the reservoirs are mainly clinkering action and filing action, mechanical compaction and pressure solution, and cementation.