Taking the northwest of Hubei province as an example in this paper, the vanadium deposit geological characteristics, metallogenic regularity and metallogenic conditions were discussed. Northwest of Hubei vanadium deposit is produced in the Lower Cambrian rich in organic carbon, silicon, mud in black rock series. The main layer is stratiform, bedded, simple form, the stability of the occurrence, buried in shallow, wide distribution, large reserves. Mineralization is controlled by strata, lithology, tectonic and paleogeographic conditions. The result indicates that the northwest of Hubei vanadium rich deposit has the dual characters of biological mineralization and submarine hydrothermal sedimentary mineralization, the deposit genetic type shall be attributed to the deposit area of the biochemical sedimentary metamorphism-reformed deposit category.