As one of the most important mineral resource base areas of non-ferrous metals, rare earth and rare metals, Nanling region has good metallogenic conditions, well developed mining and high degree of research on metal deposits. However, exploration work of most of these deposits in Nanling region had been completed 30 years ago, and now these deposits have become crisis mines. Exploration and exploitation of mineral resources are facing serious environmental problems. This paper makes a tentative discussion on such problems related to geological prospecting as the principle, theory, direction, technology, depth, extent, environment, industrial development, and comprehensive utilization.