The high-quality dolomite reservoir of Dengying Formation, Sinian, Nanjiang area, is composed of algal dolomite and grain dolomite formed at tidal flat or grain bank facies, silt-fine crystalline dolostones resulted by recrystallization. The existing porosity types are basically secondary pores related to the dissolution and recrystallization, which are inter-crystal (dissolution) pores, inter-particle dissolution pores, great dissolution pores, stylolite dissolution pores, and lots of survivals karst cavities etc. The studies based on primary and secondary controlling factors indicate that the high-quality reservoir is the final products of five evolution stages in the geological history, which is mainly controlled by the meteoric palaeo-karstification during hypergene and by the bury dissolution during deep bury.