Over the past 20 years, more than 300 Paleolithic sites have been found in catchment of South Luohe River, Central China. The vegetation probably provided a wealth of food resources for early humans who adapted to the paleoclimate changes during these time periods. The preliminary investigation shows that the South Luohe River is an important region for investigating early human behaviors and changing environments during Pleistocene. More detailed research works are needed to advance our understanding of the interplay between climate, human adaptation and technology during the Middle Paleolithic period of China.