典型喀斯特岩性组合结构的流域水文干旱机制研究——以贵州省为例
摘要
水文干旱已成为全球气候变化背景下典型的自然现象,是气象干旱和农业干旱的延续和发展,是最终、最彻底的干旱。岩性是流域下垫面的重要组成物质,其岩性类型及结构控制着地貌及水系的发育、促进流域储水空间的形成,影响流域的储水能力,关系到流域水文干旱的发生。本文在贵州省选择40个典型流域为研究样区,利用面向对象分类技术,提取流域岩性类型的遥感信息;利用主成分分析及灰色理论,研究岩性类型及其结构对流域水文干旱的影响机制。研究表明:1)从岩性类型因素上看,流域岩性类型对水文干旱影响总体较大,影响从大到小排序(关联度)为:K(0.985)>Z(0.96)>0(0.924)>J(0.922)>S(0.806)>D(0.788)>ε(0.75)>C(0.69)>Pt(0.684)>P(0.568)>T(0.542);2)岩性类型的主成分因素对流域水文干旱影响从大到小排序(关联度)为:Z_3(0.48)>Z_4(0.47)>Z_1(0.44)>Z_5(0.42)>Z_2(0.39);3)岩性类型组合方式对流域水文干旱影响从大到小排序为:Ⅰ、Ⅱ>Ⅴ、Ⅳ>Ⅲ。
Hydrologic drought,which has become a typical natural phenomenon under the background of global climate change,is the continuation and development of the meteorologic and agricultural drought and is the ultimate and the most thorough drought.The lithology is an important substance of watershed underlying surfaces.The development of the landform and river system,and promote the formation of watershed water-storing space,which affects on the watershed water-storing ability and relates to the occurrence of hydrologic drought are controlled by the lithologic types and structures.We choose 40 typical sample areas in Guizhou Province,use the object-oriented classification technology to extract the remote sensing information of watershed lithologic types and use principal component analysis and grey theory to study the influence mechanism of the lithologic types and structures on hydrologic drought.This study shows that:1) It has generally greater influence from the views of the lithologic types of factors on the hydrological drought,and the descending order of its influence degrees(associated degree)(i|¨)s K(0.985) >Z(0.96) >0(0.924) >J(0.922) >S(0.806) >D(0.788)>ε(0.75) >C(0.69)>Pt(0.684)>P(0.568)>T(0.542);2)The descending order(associated degree) of impacts of the principal component factors of lithologic types on hydrologic drought is Z_3(0.48)>Z_4(0.47) >Z_1(0.44) >Z_5(0.42) >Z_2(0.39);3) The descending order of impacts of the lithologic types of combinations on hydrologic drought is Ⅰ、Ⅱ > Ⅴ 、Ⅳ >Ⅲ.
Hydrologic drought,which has become a typical natural phenomenon under the background of global climate change,is the continuation and development of the meteorologic and agricultural drought and is the ultimate and the most thorough drought.The lithology is an important substance of watershed underlying surfaces.The development of the landform and river system,and promote the formation of watershed water-storing space,which affects on the watershed water-storing ability and relates to the occurrence of hydrologic drought are controlled by the lithologic types and structures.We choose 40 typical sample areas in Guizhou Province,use the object-oriented classification technology to extract the remote sensing information of watershed lithologic types and use principal component analysis and grey theory to study the influence mechanism of the lithologic types and structures on hydrologic drought.This study shows that:1) It has generally greater influence from the views of the lithologic types of factors on the hydrological drought,and the descending order of its influence degrees(associated degree)(i|¨)s K(0.985) >Z(0.96) >0(0.924) >J(0.922) >S(0.806) >D(0.788)>ε(0.75) >C(0.69)>Pt(0.684)>P(0.568)>T(0.542);2)The descending order(associated degree) of impacts of the principal component factors of lithologic types on hydrologic drought is Z_3(0.48)>Z_4(0.47) >Z_1(0.44) >Z_5(0.42) >Z_2(0.39);3) The descending order of impacts of the lithologic types of combinations on hydrologic drought is Ⅰ、Ⅱ > Ⅴ 、Ⅳ >Ⅲ.
引文
冯国章.1994.极限水文干旱历时概率分布的解析与模拟研究.地理学报,49(5):457-468.Feng Guozhang.1994.A study on probability distribution of critical hydrologic drought durations using the methods of analytics and simulation.Acta Geographica Sinica,49(5):457—468.
冯国章.1995.极限水文干旱历时概率分析.水利学报,(6):37-41.Feng Guozhang.1995.An analysis of frequency of critical hydrologic drought duration.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,(6):37—41.
冯平,朱元甡,杨鹏.1999.径流调节下的水文干旱识别.自然科学进展,9(9):848-853.Feng Ping,Zhu Yuanshen and Yang Peng.1999.The hydrological drought identification under runoff regulations.Progress in Natural Science,9(9):848—853.
冯平,王仁超.1997.水文干旱的时间分形特征探讨.水利水电技术,28(11):48-51.Feng Ping and Wang Renchao.1997.Investigation on the time fractal of hydrologic drought.Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,28(11):48—51.
贺中华,杨胜天,梁虹等,2004.基于GIS和RS的喀斯特流域枯水资源影响因素识别——以贵州省为例.中国岩溶,23(1):48-55.He Zhonghua,Yang Shengtian,Liang Hong et al.2004.Identification for the factors that impact low-flow resources in karst basin by means of GIS and RS:A case in Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,23(1):48—55.
贺中华,陈晓翔,梁虹等,2012.基于NDVI的喀斯特水资源遥感定量监测及分析——以贵州省为例.水土保持研究,19(3):161-165.He Zhonghua,Chen Xiaoxiang,Liang Hong et al.2012.Quantitative remote sensing monitoring and analysis of karst water resources based on NDVI:Taking Guizhou Province as a case.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,19(3):161—165.
焦树林,梁虹.2001.喀斯特流域岩性与枯水径流特征值的灰色关联度分析.中国岩溶,20(4):274-278.Jiao Shulin and Liang Hong.2001.Grey relational analysis of lithology and low flow in a karst drainage basin.Carsologica Sinica,20(4):274—278.
焦树林,梁虹.2002.喀斯特地区流域地貌与岩性的统计关系探讨——以贵州省为例.中国岩溶,21(2):95-100.Jiao Shulin and Liang Hong.2002.The research on the relationship between drainage basins'Iandforms and its lithologic features in karst region:A case study in Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,21(2):95—100.
康权,郭凤台,1991.论水文干旱与土壤水运动.华北水利水电学院学报,(2):11-16.Kang Quan and Guo Fengtai.1991.A study on the relation of hydrologic draught and soil water movement.Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,(2):11—16.
梁虹.1995.喀斯特流域水文地貌造峰效应分析.中国岩溶,14(3):223-229.Liang Hong.1995.Effect analysis of hydrogeomorphologic making flood peak in karst drainage basin.Carsologica Sinica,14(3):223—229.
梁虹.1997.喀斯特流域空间尺度对洪、枯水水文特征值影响初探——以贵州河流为例.中国岩溶,16(2):121-Liang Hong.1997.Preliminary study on the charcateristics of flood discharge and low flow influenced by the scale of karst drainage basin:Exampled by the rivers in Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,16(2):121—129.
梁虹,王剑.1998.喀斯特地区流域岩性差异与洪、枯水特征值相关分析——以贵州河流为例.中国岩溶,17(1):67-73.Liang Hong and Wang Jian.1998.A relative analysis between the lithological features and the characteristics of flood discharge and low flow in karst district:Case study of the rivers,Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,17(1):67—73.
王在高,梁虹,杨明德.2002.喀斯特流域地貌类型对枯水径流的影响——以贵州省河流为例.地理研究,21(4):441-448.Wang Zaigao,Liang Hong and Yang Mingde.2002.Analysis of the impact of different landform types on low flow modulus in karst regions:A case study of rivers in Guizhou Province.Geographical Research,21(4):441—448.
许月萍,张庆庆,楼章华等.2010.基于Copula方法的干旱历时和烈度的联合概率分析.天津大学学报,43(10):928-932.Xu Yueping,Zhang Qingqing,Lou Zhanghua et al.2010.Joint probability analysis of drought duration and severity based on copula approach.Journal of Tianjin University,43(10):928—932.
夏军.2000.灰色系统水文学——理论、方法及应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1-391.Xia Jun.2000.Grey System Hydrology:Theory,Methods and Applications.Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press.1—391.
Herbst P H,Bredenkamp D B and Barker H M G.1966.A technique for the evaluation of drought from rainfall data.Journal of Hydrology,4:264—272.
Kim T,Vald6s J and Yoo C.2006.Nonparametric approach for bivariate drought characterization using Palmer drought index.Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,11(2):134—143.
Mohan S and Rangacharya N C V.1991.A modified method for drought identification.Hydrological Sciences Journal,36(1):11-21.
Sen Z.1989.The theory of runs with applications to drought prediction-comment.Journal of Hydrology,110(3-4):383-390.
Araghinejad S.2011.An approach for probabilistic hydrological drought forecasting.Water Resources Management,25(1):191-200.
Song S B and Singh V P.2010.Meta-elliptical copulas for drought frequency analysis of periodic hydrologic data.Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,24(3):425-444.
Santos M A.1983.Regional droughts:A stochastic characterization.Journal of Hydrology,66(1-4):183-211.
Shiau J and Shen H W,2001.Recurrence analysis of hydrologic droughts of differing severity.Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,127(1):30-40.
冯国章.1995.极限水文干旱历时概率分析.水利学报,(6):37-41.Feng Guozhang.1995.An analysis of frequency of critical hydrologic drought duration.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,(6):37—41.
冯平,朱元甡,杨鹏.1999.径流调节下的水文干旱识别.自然科学进展,9(9):848-853.Feng Ping,Zhu Yuanshen and Yang Peng.1999.The hydrological drought identification under runoff regulations.Progress in Natural Science,9(9):848—853.
冯平,王仁超.1997.水文干旱的时间分形特征探讨.水利水电技术,28(11):48-51.Feng Ping and Wang Renchao.1997.Investigation on the time fractal of hydrologic drought.Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,28(11):48—51.
贺中华,杨胜天,梁虹等,2004.基于GIS和RS的喀斯特流域枯水资源影响因素识别——以贵州省为例.中国岩溶,23(1):48-55.He Zhonghua,Yang Shengtian,Liang Hong et al.2004.Identification for the factors that impact low-flow resources in karst basin by means of GIS and RS:A case in Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,23(1):48—55.
贺中华,陈晓翔,梁虹等,2012.基于NDVI的喀斯特水资源遥感定量监测及分析——以贵州省为例.水土保持研究,19(3):161-165.He Zhonghua,Chen Xiaoxiang,Liang Hong et al.2012.Quantitative remote sensing monitoring and analysis of karst water resources based on NDVI:Taking Guizhou Province as a case.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,19(3):161—165.
焦树林,梁虹.2001.喀斯特流域岩性与枯水径流特征值的灰色关联度分析.中国岩溶,20(4):274-278.Jiao Shulin and Liang Hong.2001.Grey relational analysis of lithology and low flow in a karst drainage basin.Carsologica Sinica,20(4):274—278.
焦树林,梁虹.2002.喀斯特地区流域地貌与岩性的统计关系探讨——以贵州省为例.中国岩溶,21(2):95-100.Jiao Shulin and Liang Hong.2002.The research on the relationship between drainage basins'Iandforms and its lithologic features in karst region:A case study in Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,21(2):95—100.
康权,郭凤台,1991.论水文干旱与土壤水运动.华北水利水电学院学报,(2):11-16.Kang Quan and Guo Fengtai.1991.A study on the relation of hydrologic draught and soil water movement.Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,(2):11—16.
梁虹.1995.喀斯特流域水文地貌造峰效应分析.中国岩溶,14(3):223-229.Liang Hong.1995.Effect analysis of hydrogeomorphologic making flood peak in karst drainage basin.Carsologica Sinica,14(3):223—229.
梁虹.1997.喀斯特流域空间尺度对洪、枯水水文特征值影响初探——以贵州河流为例.中国岩溶,16(2):121-Liang Hong.1997.Preliminary study on the charcateristics of flood discharge and low flow influenced by the scale of karst drainage basin:Exampled by the rivers in Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,16(2):121—129.
梁虹,王剑.1998.喀斯特地区流域岩性差异与洪、枯水特征值相关分析——以贵州河流为例.中国岩溶,17(1):67-73.Liang Hong and Wang Jian.1998.A relative analysis between the lithological features and the characteristics of flood discharge and low flow in karst district:Case study of the rivers,Guizhou Province.Carsologica Sinica,17(1):67—73.
王在高,梁虹,杨明德.2002.喀斯特流域地貌类型对枯水径流的影响——以贵州省河流为例.地理研究,21(4):441-448.Wang Zaigao,Liang Hong and Yang Mingde.2002.Analysis of the impact of different landform types on low flow modulus in karst regions:A case study of rivers in Guizhou Province.Geographical Research,21(4):441—448.
许月萍,张庆庆,楼章华等.2010.基于Copula方法的干旱历时和烈度的联合概率分析.天津大学学报,43(10):928-932.Xu Yueping,Zhang Qingqing,Lou Zhanghua et al.2010.Joint probability analysis of drought duration and severity based on copula approach.Journal of Tianjin University,43(10):928—932.
夏军.2000.灰色系统水文学——理论、方法及应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社.1-391.Xia Jun.2000.Grey System Hydrology:Theory,Methods and Applications.Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press.1—391.
Herbst P H,Bredenkamp D B and Barker H M G.1966.A technique for the evaluation of drought from rainfall data.Journal of Hydrology,4:264—272.
Kim T,Vald6s J and Yoo C.2006.Nonparametric approach for bivariate drought characterization using Palmer drought index.Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,11(2):134—143.
Mohan S and Rangacharya N C V.1991.A modified method for drought identification.Hydrological Sciences Journal,36(1):11-21.
Sen Z.1989.The theory of runs with applications to drought prediction-comment.Journal of Hydrology,110(3-4):383-390.
Araghinejad S.2011.An approach for probabilistic hydrological drought forecasting.Water Resources Management,25(1):191-200.
Song S B and Singh V P.2010.Meta-elliptical copulas for drought frequency analysis of periodic hydrologic data.Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,24(3):425-444.
Santos M A.1983.Regional droughts:A stochastic characterization.Journal of Hydrology,66(1-4):183-211.
Shiau J and Shen H W,2001.Recurrence analysis of hydrologic droughts of differing severity.Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,127(1):30-40.
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