三峡库区紫色土坡地柑橘园不同耕作方式的水土流失研究
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摘要
在重庆忠县坡度为11°的紫色土柑橘园,设中耕、覆盖、生草和清耕4种处理,用自动雨量记录仪记录降雨过程及降雨量,通过径流小区集水池测量不同耕作方式的地表径流量,取水样测定和统计地表径流中泥沙含量和流失量。结果表明:4种处理的地表径流量为清耕>生草>覆盖>中耕,相互处理间差异极显著,清耕年地表径流量分别比生草、覆盖和中耕高8.88%,10.79%和22.51%;处理间的地表径流水中的泥沙含量差异极显著,生草的泥沙含量分别比覆盖、清耕和中耕的低11.43%,38.00%和60.00%;不同耕作方式间的年泥沙流失量差异极显著,生草的泥沙流失量分别比覆盖、清耕和中耕的低10.84%,46.40%和58.99%。生草栽培可显著减少三峡库区坡地紫色土柑橘园的水土流失。
Soil erosion of four farming methods,including clean tillage,sod culture,straw covering and weeding,was measured in purple soil slope with gradient of 11° in citrus orchard in the Three Gorges reservoir area by recording rain process and rainfall with automatic ombrograph,and the surface runoff volume was measured through interception pools for each runoff plots.The sediment contents in surface runoffs water were also analyzed.Results showed that surface runoff volumes for the 4 treatments were weeding>sod culture>straw covering>clean tillage,and there were extremely significant differences among each farming methods.Annual surface runoff volume of weeding was 8.88%,10.79% and 22.51% higher than those of sod culture,straw covering and clean tillage,respectively.Extremely significant differences existed among the sediment contents of surface runoffs of each farming methods,and the sediment content of sod culture was 11.43%,38.00% and 60.00% lower than those of straw covering,weeding and clean tillage,respectively.In addition,there were also extremely significant differences among sediment losses for each farming methods.The annual sediment loss of sod culture was 10.84%,46.40% and 58.99% lower than those of straw covering,weeding and clean tillage,respectively.Sod culture was the best farming method for reducing soil erosion in slope citrus orchards in the Three Gorges reservoir area.
Soil erosion of four farming methods,including clean tillage,sod culture,straw covering and weeding,was measured in purple soil slope with gradient of 11° in citrus orchard in the Three Gorges reservoir area by recording rain process and rainfall with automatic ombrograph,and the surface runoff volume was measured through interception pools for each runoff plots.The sediment contents in surface runoffs water were also analyzed.Results showed that surface runoff volumes for the 4 treatments were weeding>sod culture>straw covering>clean tillage,and there were extremely significant differences among each farming methods.Annual surface runoff volume of weeding was 8.88%,10.79% and 22.51% higher than those of sod culture,straw covering and clean tillage,respectively.Extremely significant differences existed among the sediment contents of surface runoffs of each farming methods,and the sediment content of sod culture was 11.43%,38.00% and 60.00% lower than those of straw covering,weeding and clean tillage,respectively.In addition,there were also extremely significant differences among sediment losses for each farming methods.The annual sediment loss of sod culture was 10.84%,46.40% and 58.99% lower than those of straw covering,weeding and clean tillage,respectively.Sod culture was the best farming method for reducing soil erosion in slope citrus orchards in the Three Gorges reservoir area.
引文
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[13]何绍兰,邓烈,雷霆,等.不同坡度及牧草种植对紫色土幼龄柑橘园水土流失的影响[J].中国南方果树,2001,33(6):1-4
[14]祁生林,张洪江,何凡,等.重庆四面山植被类型对坡面产流的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2006,4(4):33-38.
[15]张喜,连宾,尹洁,等.喀斯特洼地不同森林类型的坡面径流和土壤流失动态[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(7):3843-3847.
[16]伍斌.不同植被类型对降雨径流和泥沙的影响[J].亚热带水土保持,2008,20(4):19-21.
[17]孔刚,王全九,樊军,等.前期含水量对坡面降雨产流和土壤化学物质流失影响研究[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1395-1399.
[18]郭雨华,赵廷宁,孙保平,等.草地坡面水动力学特性及其阻延地表径流机制研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(4):264-267.
[19]谢小立,吕焕哲.不同土地利用模式下红壤坡地雨水产流与结构拟合[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1250-1256.
[2]史德明.长江三峡区土壤侵蚀规律及泥沙来源分析[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(3):9-21.
[3]中国科学院成都分院土壤研究室.中国紫色土(I)[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:6-38.
[4]陈晓燕,何丙辉.WEPP模型在紫色土坡面侵蚀预测中的应用研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):42-44.
[5]申彦科,王玉杰,齐娜.重庆市缙云山不同林分对坡面产流的影响[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(5):80-85.
[6]李香云,王玉杰.不同植被类型对地表径流影响的灰色关联度分析[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(4):83-86.
[7]杨泽贵,陈婷,林立金,等.不同土地利用方式对水土流失的影响[J].人民长江,2009,40(1):68-69.
[8]Zobeck T M,Onstad C A.Tillage and rainfall effects on randomroughness:Areview[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1987(9):1-20.
[9]林超文,庞良玉,陈一兵,等.不同耕作方式和雨强对紫色土坡耕地降雨有效性的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1257-1261.
[10]王礼先.水土保持学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995:19-30.
[11]Sharpley A N,Troger W W,Smith S J.The measurement of bioavaible phosphorus in agriculture runoff[J].J.Environ.Qual.,1991,20:235-238.
[12]罗春燕,涂仕华,庞良玉,等.降雨强度对紫色土坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(8):24-27.
[13]何绍兰,邓烈,雷霆,等.不同坡度及牧草种植对紫色土幼龄柑橘园水土流失的影响[J].中国南方果树,2001,33(6):1-4
[14]祁生林,张洪江,何凡,等.重庆四面山植被类型对坡面产流的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2006,4(4):33-38.
[15]张喜,连宾,尹洁,等.喀斯特洼地不同森林类型的坡面径流和土壤流失动态[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(7):3843-3847.
[16]伍斌.不同植被类型对降雨径流和泥沙的影响[J].亚热带水土保持,2008,20(4):19-21.
[17]孔刚,王全九,樊军,等.前期含水量对坡面降雨产流和土壤化学物质流失影响研究[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1395-1399.
[18]郭雨华,赵廷宁,孙保平,等.草地坡面水动力学特性及其阻延地表径流机制研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(4):264-267.
[19]谢小立,吕焕哲.不同土地利用模式下红壤坡地雨水产流与结构拟合[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1250-1256.
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