近150年来湖北太白湖摇蚊记录与湖泊营养演化
|
摘要
通过太白湖北部湖区沉积岩芯中摇蚊亚化石分析,结合~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs年代测定和降趋势对应分析(DCA),研究了太白湖近150年来摇蚊种属组合变化和湖泊营养演化过程。结果表明:20世纪中期(1950年左右),摇蚊种群中与大型水生植物关系密切的Paratanytarsus,Paratanytarsus penicillatus-type,Polypedilum nubeculosum-type和Dicrotendipes nervosus-type等属种迅速减少或消失,而耐营养的属种Chironomus plumosus-type,Microchironomustabarui,Procladius,Propsilocerus akamusi和Tanypus增多,表明大型水生植物减少,湖泊富营养化开始。20世纪90年代以来,Chironomus plumosus-type和Microchironomus tabarui等富营养种的比例增加反映了营养水平的进一步提高,并呈现加重趋势。摇蚊组合变化反映的太白湖营养水平的增加与流域人类活动影响密切相关,早期湖泊富营养化响应流域土壤侵蚀及湖泊水产养殖,而1990年以来湖泊富营养化的加重则与化肥的大量使用、人类活动的进一步加强及流域内工业废水污染物的开始排放有关。
A sediment core recovered from Taibai Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was analyzed for species assemblage of chironomid fauna to reveal the history of changes in the trophic level of the lake over the last 150 years.The data show that a significant change in the chironomid assemblage occurred at the beginning of 1950s as Paratanytarsus,Dicrotendipes and Polypedilum nubeculosum-type,indicators of clear waters with reasonably dense macrophytes and/or rich species compositions,were either reduced or almost disappeared,and Chironomus plumosus-type,Microchironomus tabarui-type,Procladius,Propsilocerus akamusi and Tanypus,indicators of eutrophication increased significantly.This shift in the chironomid fauna implies a decline of the macrophytes in the lake and an increase in the nutrient level of the lake.Around 1990A.D.,eutrophic chironomid taxa of Chironomus plumosus-type and Microchironomus tabarui-type increased further,denoting a deterioration of the lake ecosystem. Changes in the chironomid assemblage and increases in the nutrient condition might result from the impact of human activities on the lake environment.The early eutrophication would be related to agrarian activities in the lake catchment and aquacultures within the lake,while the enhanced eutrophic condition after 1990A.D.might result from agricultural and industrial productions conducted around the lake.
A sediment core recovered from Taibai Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was analyzed for species assemblage of chironomid fauna to reveal the history of changes in the trophic level of the lake over the last 150 years.The data show that a significant change in the chironomid assemblage occurred at the beginning of 1950s as Paratanytarsus,Dicrotendipes and Polypedilum nubeculosum-type,indicators of clear waters with reasonably dense macrophytes and/or rich species compositions,were either reduced or almost disappeared,and Chironomus plumosus-type,Microchironomus tabarui-type,Procladius,Propsilocerus akamusi and Tanypus,indicators of eutrophication increased significantly.This shift in the chironomid fauna implies a decline of the macrophytes in the lake and an increase in the nutrient level of the lake.Around 1990A.D.,eutrophic chironomid taxa of Chironomus plumosus-type and Microchironomus tabarui-type increased further,denoting a deterioration of the lake ecosystem. Changes in the chironomid assemblage and increases in the nutrient condition might result from the impact of human activities on the lake environment.The early eutrophication would be related to agrarian activities in the lake catchment and aquacultures within the lake,while the enhanced eutrophic condition after 1990A.D.might result from agricultural and industrial productions conducted around the lake.
引文
1 Qin Boqiang, Zhu Guangwei. The nutrient forms, cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Science in China (Series D) ,2006,49(1) :1-13
2 Engstrom D R, Schottler S P,Leavitt P R et al. A reevaluation of the cultural eutrophication of Lake Okeechobee using multiproxy sediment records. Ecological Applications,2006 ,16( 1 ): 1194 ~ 1206
3 王苏民,张振克.中国湖泊沉积与环境演变研究的新进展.科学通报,1999,44(6) :579-587 Wang Sumin, Zhang Zhenke. New progress of lake sediments and environmental changes research in China. Chinese Science Bullitin,2001,44(19) :1744-1754
4 Smol J P, Cumming B F. Tracking long-term changes in climate using algal indicators in lake sediments. Journal of Phycology ,2000,36:986-1011
5 Walker I R. Midges; Chironomidae and related Diptera. In: Smol J P,Birks H J B,Last W M eds. Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments( Vol. 4) : Zoological Indicators. Dordrecht; Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001. 43-66
6 Brooks S J. Fossil midges ( Diptera: Chironomidae ) as palaeoclimatic indicators for the Eurasian region. Quaternary Science Reviews ,2006,25 :1894-1910
7 Walker I R, Cwynar L C. Midges and palaeotemperature reconstruction-the North American experience. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2006,25:1911-1925
8 Eggermont H, Heiri 0,Verschuren D. Fossil Chironomidae(Insecta:Diptera)as quantitative indicators of past salinity in African lakes.Quaternary Science Reviews ,2006 ,25: 1966-1994
9 Brodersen K P, Quinlan R. Midges as palaeoindicators of lake productivity, eutrophication and hypolimnetic oxygen. Quaternary Science Reviews,2006 ,25 :1995-2012
10 张恩楼,Bedford A,Jones R等.长江中下游地区典型湖泊摇蚊亚化石--湖水总磷定量模型研究.科学通报,2006,51(11) :1318-1325 Zhang Enlou,Bedford A,Jones R et al. A subfossil chironomid-total phosphorus inference model for lakes the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Chinese Science Bulletin,51(17) :2125-2132
11 Zhang Eenlou, Liu Enfeng, Jones R et al. A 150-year record of recent changes in human activity and eutrophication of Lake Wushan from the middle reach of the Yangze River, China. Journal of Limnology,2010,69(2) :235-241
12 Yang Xiangdong, Anderson N J, Dong Xuhui et al. Surface sediment diatom assemblages and epilimnetic total phosphorus in large,shallow lakes of the Yangtze floodplain: Their relationships and implications for assessing long-term eutrophication. Freshwater Biology,2008,53 :1273-1290
13 羊向东,沈吉,董旭辉等.长江中下游浅水湖泊历史时期营养态演化及湖泊生态响应--以龙感湖、太白湖为例.中国科学(D辑),2005,35(增刊Ⅱ):45-54 Yang Xiangdong, Shen Ji, Dong Xuhui et al. Historical trophic evolutions and their ecological responses from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Case studies on Longgan Lake and Taibai Lake. Science in China ( Series D) ,2006,49(Suppl. 1) :51-61
14 董旭辉,羊向东,刘恩峰.湖北太白湖400多年来沉积硅藻记录及湖水总磷的定量重建.湖泊科学,2006,18(6) :680-688 Dong Xuhui, Yang Xiangdong, Liu Enfeng. Diatom records and reconstruction of epilimnetic phosphorus concentration in LakeTaibai ( Hubei Provinee) over the past 400 years. Journal of Lake Science,2006,18(6) :680-688
15 王苏民,窦鸿身主编中国湖泊志.北京:科学出版社,1998. 206-207 Wang Sumin,Dou Hongshen eds. Lakes in China. Beijing: Science Press, 1998. 206-207
16 刘恩峰,羊向东,沈吉等.近百年来湖北太白湖沉积通量变化与流域降水量和人类活动的关系.湖泊科学,2007,19(4) :407-412 Liu Enfeng, Yang Xiangdong,Shen Ji et al. Sedimentary flux of Lake Taibai, Hubei Province and correlations with precipitation and human activities in its catchment during the last century. Journal of Lake Science,2007,19(4) :407-412
17 简永兴,王建波,何国庆等.湖北省海口湖、太白湖与武山湖水生植物多样性的比较研究.生态学报,2001,21(11) :1815-1824 Jian Yongxing, Wang Jianbo,He Guoqing et al. A comparative study of aquatic plant diversity of Haikou, Taibai and Wushan Lake in Hubei Province of China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2001 , 21 ( 11 ) :1815-1824
18 Brooks S J, Langdon P G, Heiri 0. The identification and use of Palaearctic Chironomidae larvae in palaeoecology. In: QRA Technical Guide No. 10. London; Quaternary Research Association,2007. 276
19 Wiederholm T. Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement,1983. 457
20 Oliver D R, Roussel M E. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada.Part 11 : The Genera of Larval Midges of Canada. Diptera:Chironomidae. Agriculture Canada Publication , 1983. 1-263
21 Rieradevall M, Brooks S J. An identification guide to subfossil Tanypodinae larvae ( Insecta: Diptera: Chrironomidae ) based on cephalic setation. Journal of Paleolimnology ,2001 ,25:81-99
22 Grimm E C. TILIA version 1. 11. TILIAGRAPH version 1. 18. In:Gear A. A Users Notebook. Illinois State Museum , Springfield , USA ,1991
23 Grimm E C. CONISS: A Fortran 77 program for strati graphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers & Geosciences, 1987 ,13: 13-35
24 ter Braak C J F. Canonical correspondance analysis; A new eigenvector tecnique for multivariate direct gradient analysis.Ecology, 1986,67(5) : 1167-1179
25 ter Braak C J F, Smilauer P. CANOCO Reference M anual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination ( Version 4. 5) . Ithaca, NY: Microcomputer Power,2002. 500
26 刘恩峰,薛滨,羊向东等.基于~(210) Pb与~(137) Cs分布的近代沉积物定年方法--以巢湖、太白湖为例.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(6) :89-94 Liu Enfeng, Xue Bin, Yang Xiangdong et al. ~(137) Cs and ~(210) Pb chronology for modern lake sediement: A case study of Chaohu Lake and Taibai Lake. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology ,2009 ,29(6) :89-94
27 Appleby P G. Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediment.In: Last W M, Smol J P. Trancking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 1: Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques. Klauwer Academic Publishers,2001. 171-196
28 秦伯强,罗潋葱.太湖生态环境演化及其原因分析.第四纪研究,2004,24(5) :561-568 Qin Boqiang, Luo Liancong. Changes in eco-environment and the causes for Lake Taihu , China. Quaternary Sciences , 2004 , 24 ( 5 ) :561-568
29 吴艳宏,王苏民.湖泊沉积物中人类活动导致的营养盐累积通量估算--以龙感湖为例.第四纪研究,2006,26(5) :843-848 Wu Yanhong, Wang Sumin. Estimate of anthropogenic nutrient element fluxes recorded in lacustrine sediments--A case study in Longgan Lake. Quaternary Sciences ,2006 ,26(5 ):843-848
30薛滨,姚书春,王苏民等.长江中下游不同类型湖泊沉积物营养盐蓄积变化过程及其原因分析.第四纪研究,2007,27(1) :122-127 Xue Bin,Yao Shuchun, Wang Sumin et al. Enrichment of nutrients and analysis of its reason in sediments of different kinds of lakes at middle and lower Yangtze River Basin. Quaternary Sciences ,2007 ,27(1) :122~127
31 Liu E, Yang X,Shen J et al. Environmental response to climate and human impact during the last 400 years in Taibai Lake catchment,middle reach of Yangtze River, China. Science of the Total Environment ,2007 ,385 :196-207
32 于革,沈华东.太湖流域营养盐产量演变和趋势的数值模拟研究.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :667-673 Yu Ge,Shen Huadong. Numerical simulations on change and trend of nutrient productions from Taihu Lake catchment, China. Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :667-673
33 王仕禄,刘丛强,万国江等.太湖及其周围河流中N_2O的空间分布与释放通量.第四纪研究,2009,29(1) :144-152 Wang Shilu,Liu Congqiang, Wan Guojiang et al. Spatial distribution and exchange fluxes of nitrous oxide ( N_2O) in Lake Taihu and surrounding rivers. Quaternary Sciences ,2009 ,29( 1) : 144 ~ 152
34 Davidson T A, Sayer C D, Langdon P G et al. Inferring past zooplanktivorous fish and macrophyte density in a shallow lake: Application of a new regression tree model. Freshwater Biology,2010,55:584-599
35 Langdon P G, Ruiz Z, Wynne S et al. Ecological influence on larval chironomid communities in shallow lakes: Implications for palaeolimnological interpretations. Freshwater Biology, 2010, 55:531-545
2 Engstrom D R, Schottler S P,Leavitt P R et al. A reevaluation of the cultural eutrophication of Lake Okeechobee using multiproxy sediment records. Ecological Applications,2006 ,16( 1 ): 1194 ~ 1206
3 王苏民,张振克.中国湖泊沉积与环境演变研究的新进展.科学通报,1999,44(6) :579-587 Wang Sumin, Zhang Zhenke. New progress of lake sediments and environmental changes research in China. Chinese Science Bullitin,2001,44(19) :1744-1754
4 Smol J P, Cumming B F. Tracking long-term changes in climate using algal indicators in lake sediments. Journal of Phycology ,2000,36:986-1011
5 Walker I R. Midges; Chironomidae and related Diptera. In: Smol J P,Birks H J B,Last W M eds. Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments( Vol. 4) : Zoological Indicators. Dordrecht; Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001. 43-66
6 Brooks S J. Fossil midges ( Diptera: Chironomidae ) as palaeoclimatic indicators for the Eurasian region. Quaternary Science Reviews ,2006,25 :1894-1910
7 Walker I R, Cwynar L C. Midges and palaeotemperature reconstruction-the North American experience. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2006,25:1911-1925
8 Eggermont H, Heiri 0,Verschuren D. Fossil Chironomidae(Insecta:Diptera)as quantitative indicators of past salinity in African lakes.Quaternary Science Reviews ,2006 ,25: 1966-1994
9 Brodersen K P, Quinlan R. Midges as palaeoindicators of lake productivity, eutrophication and hypolimnetic oxygen. Quaternary Science Reviews,2006 ,25 :1995-2012
10 张恩楼,Bedford A,Jones R等.长江中下游地区典型湖泊摇蚊亚化石--湖水总磷定量模型研究.科学通报,2006,51(11) :1318-1325 Zhang Enlou,Bedford A,Jones R et al. A subfossil chironomid-total phosphorus inference model for lakes the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Chinese Science Bulletin,51(17) :2125-2132
11 Zhang Eenlou, Liu Enfeng, Jones R et al. A 150-year record of recent changes in human activity and eutrophication of Lake Wushan from the middle reach of the Yangze River, China. Journal of Limnology,2010,69(2) :235-241
12 Yang Xiangdong, Anderson N J, Dong Xuhui et al. Surface sediment diatom assemblages and epilimnetic total phosphorus in large,shallow lakes of the Yangtze floodplain: Their relationships and implications for assessing long-term eutrophication. Freshwater Biology,2008,53 :1273-1290
13 羊向东,沈吉,董旭辉等.长江中下游浅水湖泊历史时期营养态演化及湖泊生态响应--以龙感湖、太白湖为例.中国科学(D辑),2005,35(增刊Ⅱ):45-54 Yang Xiangdong, Shen Ji, Dong Xuhui et al. Historical trophic evolutions and their ecological responses from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Case studies on Longgan Lake and Taibai Lake. Science in China ( Series D) ,2006,49(Suppl. 1) :51-61
14 董旭辉,羊向东,刘恩峰.湖北太白湖400多年来沉积硅藻记录及湖水总磷的定量重建.湖泊科学,2006,18(6) :680-688 Dong Xuhui, Yang Xiangdong, Liu Enfeng. Diatom records and reconstruction of epilimnetic phosphorus concentration in LakeTaibai ( Hubei Provinee) over the past 400 years. Journal of Lake Science,2006,18(6) :680-688
15 王苏民,窦鸿身主编中国湖泊志.北京:科学出版社,1998. 206-207 Wang Sumin,Dou Hongshen eds. Lakes in China. Beijing: Science Press, 1998. 206-207
16 刘恩峰,羊向东,沈吉等.近百年来湖北太白湖沉积通量变化与流域降水量和人类活动的关系.湖泊科学,2007,19(4) :407-412 Liu Enfeng, Yang Xiangdong,Shen Ji et al. Sedimentary flux of Lake Taibai, Hubei Province and correlations with precipitation and human activities in its catchment during the last century. Journal of Lake Science,2007,19(4) :407-412
17 简永兴,王建波,何国庆等.湖北省海口湖、太白湖与武山湖水生植物多样性的比较研究.生态学报,2001,21(11) :1815-1824 Jian Yongxing, Wang Jianbo,He Guoqing et al. A comparative study of aquatic plant diversity of Haikou, Taibai and Wushan Lake in Hubei Province of China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2001 , 21 ( 11 ) :1815-1824
18 Brooks S J, Langdon P G, Heiri 0. The identification and use of Palaearctic Chironomidae larvae in palaeoecology. In: QRA Technical Guide No. 10. London; Quaternary Research Association,2007. 276
19 Wiederholm T. Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement,1983. 457
20 Oliver D R, Roussel M E. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada.Part 11 : The Genera of Larval Midges of Canada. Diptera:Chironomidae. Agriculture Canada Publication , 1983. 1-263
21 Rieradevall M, Brooks S J. An identification guide to subfossil Tanypodinae larvae ( Insecta: Diptera: Chrironomidae ) based on cephalic setation. Journal of Paleolimnology ,2001 ,25:81-99
22 Grimm E C. TILIA version 1. 11. TILIAGRAPH version 1. 18. In:Gear A. A Users Notebook. Illinois State Museum , Springfield , USA ,1991
23 Grimm E C. CONISS: A Fortran 77 program for strati graphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers & Geosciences, 1987 ,13: 13-35
24 ter Braak C J F. Canonical correspondance analysis; A new eigenvector tecnique for multivariate direct gradient analysis.Ecology, 1986,67(5) : 1167-1179
25 ter Braak C J F, Smilauer P. CANOCO Reference M anual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination ( Version 4. 5) . Ithaca, NY: Microcomputer Power,2002. 500
26 刘恩峰,薛滨,羊向东等.基于~(210) Pb与~(137) Cs分布的近代沉积物定年方法--以巢湖、太白湖为例.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(6) :89-94 Liu Enfeng, Xue Bin, Yang Xiangdong et al. ~(137) Cs and ~(210) Pb chronology for modern lake sediement: A case study of Chaohu Lake and Taibai Lake. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology ,2009 ,29(6) :89-94
27 Appleby P G. Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediment.In: Last W M, Smol J P. Trancking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 1: Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques. Klauwer Academic Publishers,2001. 171-196
28 秦伯强,罗潋葱.太湖生态环境演化及其原因分析.第四纪研究,2004,24(5) :561-568 Qin Boqiang, Luo Liancong. Changes in eco-environment and the causes for Lake Taihu , China. Quaternary Sciences , 2004 , 24 ( 5 ) :561-568
29 吴艳宏,王苏民.湖泊沉积物中人类活动导致的营养盐累积通量估算--以龙感湖为例.第四纪研究,2006,26(5) :843-848 Wu Yanhong, Wang Sumin. Estimate of anthropogenic nutrient element fluxes recorded in lacustrine sediments--A case study in Longgan Lake. Quaternary Sciences ,2006 ,26(5 ):843-848
30薛滨,姚书春,王苏民等.长江中下游不同类型湖泊沉积物营养盐蓄积变化过程及其原因分析.第四纪研究,2007,27(1) :122-127 Xue Bin,Yao Shuchun, Wang Sumin et al. Enrichment of nutrients and analysis of its reason in sediments of different kinds of lakes at middle and lower Yangtze River Basin. Quaternary Sciences ,2007 ,27(1) :122~127
31 Liu E, Yang X,Shen J et al. Environmental response to climate and human impact during the last 400 years in Taibai Lake catchment,middle reach of Yangtze River, China. Science of the Total Environment ,2007 ,385 :196-207
32 于革,沈华东.太湖流域营养盐产量演变和趋势的数值模拟研究.第四纪研究,2008,28(4) :667-673 Yu Ge,Shen Huadong. Numerical simulations on change and trend of nutrient productions from Taihu Lake catchment, China. Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(4) :667-673
33 王仕禄,刘丛强,万国江等.太湖及其周围河流中N_2O的空间分布与释放通量.第四纪研究,2009,29(1) :144-152 Wang Shilu,Liu Congqiang, Wan Guojiang et al. Spatial distribution and exchange fluxes of nitrous oxide ( N_2O) in Lake Taihu and surrounding rivers. Quaternary Sciences ,2009 ,29( 1) : 144 ~ 152
34 Davidson T A, Sayer C D, Langdon P G et al. Inferring past zooplanktivorous fish and macrophyte density in a shallow lake: Application of a new regression tree model. Freshwater Biology,2010,55:584-599
35 Langdon P G, Ruiz Z, Wynne S et al. Ecological influence on larval chironomid communities in shallow lakes: Implications for palaeolimnological interpretations. Freshwater Biology, 2010, 55:531-545
目录