四川拉拉铜矿床赋矿层位变质沉积岩地球化学特征
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摘要
拉拉铜矿区赋矿层位变质沉积岩的主量元素(ICV(av)=3.04,K2O/Al2O3(av)=0.22,CIA(av)=53.1)及Cs、Rb显著亏损特征,表明其物源区岩石只含有较少的粘土矿物和碱性长石,为中—低化学风化程度,且处于较不稳定的构造环境;多数样品的微量元素表现为显著富集高场强元素、亏损过渡族元素及Cr/Zr(av)=0.15、Th/Sc(av)=0.58,且具轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦((La/Yb)n(av)=25.7)的稀土元素配分模式,表明物源区以长英质组分为主;Sm、Nd同位素组成特征也显示其物源区以长英质组分为主,且沉积于大陆岛弧的弧后拉张环境。同时,结合矿区赋矿层位变钠质火山岩的构造判别结果,认为拉拉铜矿床也形成于该构造背景下。
Geochemical study of metasedimentary rocks in the Lala copper deposit was conducted to better constrain their provenance,chemical weathering condition and tectonic environment. These rocks have relatively low CIA values (44-65) and K2O/Al2O3 values (0.02-0.43) with high ICV values (1.44-5.11),suggesting that they underwent relatively weak chemical weathering and were derived from an immature source with minor clay minerals and alkali feldspar. Compared to PAAS,the samples mostly have relatively lower large ion lithophile element (LILE) contents (Cs,Rb),lower transitional element contents (V,Cr,Zn) and relatively higher high field strength elements (HFSE) contents (Y,U,Zr,Hf,Nb,Sc). The right-slope REE ((La/Yb)n(av)=25.7) pattern,low Cr/Zr (0.01-0.42) and Th/Sc (0.37-1.14) ratios,and Sm and Nd isotopic characteristics,indicate that these rocks were deposited in a continental back arc environment and derived from a felsic-dominated provenance. Furthermore,in combination with the results of tectonic setting discrimination of sodic metavolcanic rocks,we conclude that the Lala copper deposit may also have been formed in a continental back arc environment.
Geochemical study of metasedimentary rocks in the Lala copper deposit was conducted to better constrain their provenance,chemical weathering condition and tectonic environment. These rocks have relatively low CIA values (44-65) and K2O/Al2O3 values (0.02-0.43) with high ICV values (1.44-5.11),suggesting that they underwent relatively weak chemical weathering and were derived from an immature source with minor clay minerals and alkali feldspar. Compared to PAAS,the samples mostly have relatively lower large ion lithophile element (LILE) contents (Cs,Rb),lower transitional element contents (V,Cr,Zn) and relatively higher high field strength elements (HFSE) contents (Y,U,Zr,Hf,Nb,Sc). The right-slope REE ((La/Yb)n(av)=25.7) pattern,low Cr/Zr (0.01-0.42) and Th/Sc (0.37-1.14) ratios,and Sm and Nd isotopic characteristics,indicate that these rocks were deposited in a continental back arc environment and derived from a felsic-dominated provenance. Furthermore,in combination with the results of tectonic setting discrimination of sodic metavolcanic rocks,we conclude that the Lala copper deposit may also have been formed in a continental back arc environment.
引文
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[2]Gu X X,Liu J M,Zheng M H,et al.Provenance andtecton-ic setting of the Proterozoic turbidites in Hunan,South Chi-na:Geochemical evidence[J].Journal of Sedi mentary Re-search,2002,72:393-407.
[3]Cullers R L,Podkovyrov V N.The source and origin of ter-rigenous sedi mentary rocksinthe Mesoproterozoic Ui Group,Southeastern Russia[J].Precambrian Research,2002,117:157-183.
[4]Hof mann A.The geochemistry of sedi mentary rocks fromthe Fig Tree Group,Barberton greenstone belt:I mplications for tectonic,hydrothermal and surface processes during mid-Ar-chaean ti mes[J].Precambrian Research,2005,143:23-49.
[5]Garzanti E,Doglioni C,Vezzoli G,et al.Orogenic belts and orogenic sedi ment provenance[J].The Journal of Geology,2007,115:315-334.
[6]Huntsman-Mapila P,Tiercelin J J,Benoit M.Sedi ment geo-chemistry and tectonic setting:Application of discri mination diagrams to early stages of intracontinental rift evolution,with examples fromthe Okavango and Southern Tanganyika rift basins[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2009,53:33-44.
[7]Van de Kamp PC,Leake B E.Petrology and geochemistry of siliciclastic rocks of mixed feldspathic and ophiolitic prove-nance in the Northern Apennines,Italy[J].Chemical Geolo-gy,1995,122:1-20.
[8]McLennan S M,Si monetti A,Goldstein S L.Nd and Pbiso-topic evidence for provenance and post-depositional alteration of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian Supergroup,Canada[J].Precambrian Research,2000,102:263-278.
[9]Chen B,Jahn B M.Geochemical and isotopic studies of the sedi mentary and granitic rocks of the Altai orogen of North-west China and their tectonic i mplications[J].Geological Magazine,2002,139:1-13.
[10]Roser B P,Coombs D S,Korsch RJ,et al.Whole-rock geo-chemical variations and evolution of the arc-derived Murihiku Terrane[J].New Zealand Geological Magazine,2002,139:665-685.
[11]Joo YJ,Lee YI,Bai Z Q.Provenance of the Qingshuijian Formation(Late Carboniferous),NE China:I mplications for tectonic processes in the northern margin of the North China block[J].Sedi mentary Geology,2005,177:97-114.
[12]McLennan S M,Hemming S R,Taylor S R,et al.Early Proterozoic crustal evolution:Geochemical and Nd-Pbisotop-ic evidence from metasedi mentary rocks,southwestern NorthAmerica[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1995,59:1153-1177.
[13]Gao S,Ling WL,Qiu Y M,et al.Contrasting geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of Archean metasedi ments fromthe Kongling high-grade terrain of the Yangtze craton:Evidence for cratonic evolution and redistribution of REEdur-ing crustal anatexis[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1999,63:2071-2088.
[14]Bolhar R,Kamber B S,Mooebath S,et al.Chemical charac-terization of Earth s most ancient clastic metasedi ments from the Isua Greenstone Belt,southern West Greenland[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,2005,69:1555-1573.
[15]Li Q G,Liu S W,Han B F,et al.Geochemical characteris-tics of the metapelites from the Xingxingxia Group in the Eastern Segment of the Central Tianshan:I mplications for the provenance and paleo-weathering[J].Science in China:Series D,2005,35(3):225-234(in Chinese).
[16]Zaw K,Peters S G,Cromie P,et al.Nature,diversity of de-posit types and metallogenic relations of South China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2007,31:3-47.
[17]Qin D X,Yan Y F,Tian Y L,et al.Geological characteris-tics and ore-forming evolution of Dahongshan copper deposit[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,2000,35(2):129-139(in Chi-nese).
[18]Wu K W,Zhong H,Zhu W G,et al.Study on ore-forming fluid of the Dahongshan stratiformcopper deposit,Yunnan,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2008,24(9):2045-2057(in Chinese).
[19]Gu L X,Zheng Y Z,Tang X Q,et al.Copper,gold and sil-ver enrichment in ore mylonites within massive sulphide ore-bodies at Hongtoushan VHMS deposit,NE China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2007,30:1-29.
[20]Zhang S,Zhao D F,LG J,et al.Geology and genesis of the Hongtoushan copper-zinc deposit in Liaoning Province[J].Geology and Resources,2007,16(3):173-182(in Chi-nese).
[21]Huang C K,Bai Y,Zhu YS,et al.Copper Deposit in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2001:407-416(in Chinese).
[22]He D F,Zhong H,Zhu WG.Application of the garnet-bio-tite geothermometer in the Lala copper deposit,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2008,28(2):127-134(in Chinese).
[23]He D F,Zhong H,Zhu WG.Protoliths of the metamorphic rocks in Lala copper deposit[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Pe-trology and Geochemistry,2008,27(Suppl):370-371(in Chinese).
[24]He D F.Petrological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Lala Copper Deposit in Sichuan Province[D].Beijing:Gradu-ate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2009:22-39(in Chinese).
[25]McLennan S M,Hemming S,McDanniel D K,et al.Geo-chemical approaches to sedi mentation,provenance,and tec-tonics[M]∥Johnsson MJ,Basu A.Processes Controlling the Composition of Clastic Sedi ments.Geology Society Amer-ican Special Paper,1993,284:21-40.
[26]Panahi A,Young G M,Rainbird R H.Behavior of major and trace elements(including REE)during Paleoproterozoic ped-ogenesis and diagenetic alteration of an Archean granite near Ville Marie,Québec,Canada[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi m-ica Acta,2000,64:2199-2220.
[27]Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1985:1-312.
[28]Boynton WV.Geochemistry of the rare earth elements:Me-teorite studies[M]∥Henderson P.Rare Earth Element Geo-chemistry.New York:Elsevier,1984:63-114.
[29]Cox R,Lowe D R,Cullers R L.The influence of sedi ment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the Southwestern United States[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1995,59:2919-2940.
[30]Van de Kamp P C,Leake B E.Petrography and geochemistry of feldspathic and mafic sedi ments of the northeastern Pacific margin[J].Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,1985,76:411-449.
[31]Weaver C E.Clays,Muds,and Shales[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1989.
[32]Barshad I.The effect of a variationin precipitation onthe na-ture of clay mineral formationin soils fromacid and basic ig-neous rocks[C]∥Proceedings International Clay Conference.1966:167-173.
[33]Nesbitt H W,Markovics G,Price R C.Chemical processes affecting alkalies and alkaline earths during continental weathering[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1980,44:1659-1666.
[34]Feng R,Kerrich R.Geochemistry of fine-grained clastic sedi-ments in the Archean Abitibi greenstones belt,Canada:I m-plications for provenance and tectonic setting[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1990,54:1061-1081.
[35]Wronkiewicz DJ,Condie K C.Geochemistry and provenance of sedi ments from the Pongola Supergroup,South Africa:Evidence for a3.0-Ga-old continental craton[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1989,53:1537-1549.
[36]Cullers R L.The controls on the major and trace element variation of shale,siltstones,and sandstones of Pennsylva-nian-Permian age fromuplifted continental blocks in Colorado to platform sedi ment in Kansas,USA[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1994,58:4955-4972.
[37]Fedo C M,Young G M,Nesbitt H W.Paleocli matic control on the composition of the Paleoproterozoic Serpent Forma-tion,Huronian Supergroup,Canada:A greenhouse to icehouse transition[J].Precambrian Research,1997,86:210-223.
[38]Whitehouse MJ.Granulite facies Nd-isotopic homogenization in the Lewisian complex of Northwest Scotland[J].Nature,1988,331:705-707.
[39]Barovich K M,Patchett P J.Behaviour of isotopic systemat-ics during deformation and metamorphism:Hf,Nd and Sr i-sotopic study of mylonitized granite[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1992,109:386-393.
[40]Tran HT,Ansdell K,Bethune K,et al.Ndisotope and geo-chemical constraints on the depositional setting of Paleoprot-erozoic metasedi mentary rocks alongthe margin of the Arche-an Hearne craton,Saskatchewan,Canada[J].Precambrian Research,2003,123:1-28.
[41]Nesbitt H W,Young G M.Early Proterozoic cli mates and plate motionsinferredfrom major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299:715-717.
[42]McLennan S M,Taylor S R,McCulloch M T,et al.Geo-chemical and Nd-Sr isotopic composition of deep sea turbi-dites:Crustal evolution and plate tectonic associations[J].Geochi mica et Cosmochi mica Acta,1990,54:2015-2050.
[43]Sun Y,Li C D.Mineralization mechanismof Lala copper de-posit in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Chengdu College of Geology,1990,17:1-9(in Chinese).参考文献
[15]李秋根,刘树文,韩宝福,等.中天山东段星星峡群变质泥质岩的地球化学特征及其对物源区和古风化作用的制约[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,35(3):225-234.
[17]秦德先,燕永锋,田毓龙,等.大红山铜矿床的地质特征及成矿作用演化[J].地质科学,2000,35(2):129-139.
[18]吴孔文,钟宏,朱维光,等.云南大红山层状铜矿床成矿流体研究[J].岩石学报,2008,24(9):2045-2057.
[20]张森,赵东方,吕广俊,等.辽宁红透山铜锌矿床地质特征及成因浅析[J].地质与资源,2007,16(3):173-182.
[21]黄崇珂,白冶,朱裕生,等.中国铜矿床[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:407-416.
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