文化产业生产率与高学历人力资本——基于上海市文化企业的实证研究
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摘要
本文基于上海市2 568家文化企业2008—2014年数据的实证分析发现:(1)文化产业生产率与高学历人力资本投入之间存在显著且稳健的"倒U型"关系,并且最有利于提高文化产业生产率的高学历人员应占从业人员总数的比重为25%左右;(2)现阶段上海市绝大多数文化企业还处于"倒U型"曲线的左侧,因此合理增加高学历人力资本有利于提高企业生产率;(3)综合型经营管理人才以及具有开拓创新能力的创意开发人才是文化产业的人才需求所在,因此政府应当在相关人才培训、专业设置以及产学研合作等方面发挥作用。
Based on the data of 2568 cultural firms from 2008 to 2014 in Shanghai,it is found that;(1) there is a significant and robust " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the cultural industry productivity and highly educated human capital input,and the best proportion of highly educated employees is around 25%of total employees,which is most conducive to improving the cultural industry productivity;(2) the vast majority of cultural firms in Shanghai are still in the left side of the "inverted U curve",so a reasonable increase in highly educated human capital will help improve the productivity;(3) integrated management personnel and personnel with pioneering talent and creative ability are what the cultural industry really demands.Therefore,the government should play a role in related personnel training,major settings in universities and colleges,and cooperation between cultural firms and universities and colleges.
Based on the data of 2568 cultural firms from 2008 to 2014 in Shanghai,it is found that;(1) there is a significant and robust " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the cultural industry productivity and highly educated human capital input,and the best proportion of highly educated employees is around 25%of total employees,which is most conducive to improving the cultural industry productivity;(2) the vast majority of cultural firms in Shanghai are still in the left side of the "inverted U curve",so a reasonable increase in highly educated human capital will help improve the productivity;(3) integrated management personnel and personnel with pioneering talent and creative ability are what the cultural industry really demands.Therefore,the government should play a role in related personnel training,major settings in universities and colleges,and cooperation between cultural firms and universities and colleges.
引文
[1]王婧.中国文化产业经济贡献的影响因素[J].统计与决策,2008(3):111-114.
[2]THROSBY D.Modelling the cultural industries[J].International Journal of Cultural Policy,2008,14(3):217-232.
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[6]UMINO B,KAGEURA K,TODA S.A sixty year history and analysis of the Japanese publishing industry:a statistical analysis of circulation[J].Publishing Research Quarterly,2010,26(4):272-286.
[7]王婧.我国文化产业的资源位研究[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(5):43-51.
[8]郑世林,葛珺沂.文化体制改革与文化产业全要素生产率增长[J].中国软科学,2012(10):48-58.
[9]杜传忠,王元明,王飞.中国文化产业对区域经济增长的作用及其机理分析——基于2001年—2011年省际面板数据的实证研究[J].现代管理科学,2014(1):12-14.
[10]TAYLOR C.Between culture,policy and industry:modalities of intermediation in the creative economy[J].Regional Studies,2013,49(3):1-12.
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[13]王家庭,张容.基于三阶段DEA模型的中国31省市文化产业效率研究[J].中国软科学,2009(9):75-82.
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[15]赵阳,魏建.我国区域文化产业技术效率研究——基于随机前沿分析模型的视角[J].财经问题研究,2015(1):30-36.
[16]雷宏振,谢卫军.文化产业集群内组织间的知识共享[J].长安大学学报(社会科学版),2009(2):44-50.
[17]马跃如,白勇,程伟波.基于SFA的我国文化产业效率及影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2012(8):97-101.
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[24]LEVINSOHN J,PETRIN A.Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables[J].Review of Economic Studies,2000,70(2):317-341.
[25]余淼杰.中国的贸易自由化与制造业企业生产率[J].经济研究,20LO(12):97-110.
[26]王华,许和连,杨晶晶.出口、异质性与企业生产率——来自中国企业层面的证据[J].财经研究,2011(6):36-46.
[27]田巍,余淼杰.企业生产率和企业“走出去”对外直接投资:基于企业层面数据的实证研究[J].经济学(季刊),2012(2):383-408.
[28]TODO Y,ZHANG W,ZHOU L.Intra-industry knowledge spillovers from foreign direct investment in research and development:evidence from China's'Silicon Valley'[J].Review of Development Economics,2011,15(3).
[29]HU A G Z.QIAN J.R&D and technology transfer:firm-level evidence from Chinese industry[J].Review of Economics&Statistics,2006,87(4):780-786.
[30]BIESEBROECK J V.Exporting raises productivity in sub-Saharan African manufacturing firms[J].Journal of International Economics,2005,67(2):373-391.
[31]LOECKER J D.Product differentiation,multiproduct firms,and estimating the impact of trade liberalization on productivity[J].Econometrica,2011,79(5):1407-1451.
[32]CARNOY M.Structural adjustment and the changing face of education[J].International Labour Review,1995,134(6);653-673.
[33]刘飒,王强.我国人力资本与文化产业发展的灰色关联分析[J].当代经济管理,2009(12):59-62.
[2]THROSBY D.Modelling the cultural industries[J].International Journal of Cultural Policy,2008,14(3):217-232.
[3]PRATT A C.Creative cities:tensions within and between social,cultural and economic development:a critical reading of the UK experience[J].City Culture&Society,2010,1(1):13-20.
[4]胡惠林.论文化产业的属性与运动规律[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007(4):5-13.
[5]刘志华,孙丽君.中美文化产业行业分类标准及发展优势比较[J].经济社会体制比较,2010(1):191-194.
[6]UMINO B,KAGEURA K,TODA S.A sixty year history and analysis of the Japanese publishing industry:a statistical analysis of circulation[J].Publishing Research Quarterly,2010,26(4):272-286.
[7]王婧.我国文化产业的资源位研究[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008(5):43-51.
[8]郑世林,葛珺沂.文化体制改革与文化产业全要素生产率增长[J].中国软科学,2012(10):48-58.
[9]杜传忠,王元明,王飞.中国文化产业对区域经济增长的作用及其机理分析——基于2001年—2011年省际面板数据的实证研究[J].现代管理科学,2014(1):12-14.
[10]TAYLOR C.Between culture,policy and industry:modalities of intermediation in the creative economy[J].Regional Studies,2013,49(3):1-12.
[11]李家莲.中国文化发展质量报告[J].宏观质量研究,2014(3):121-128.
[12]PRETECEILLE E.The fragile urban situation of cultural producers in Paris[J].City Culture&Society,2010,l(1):21-26.
[13]王家庭,张容.基于三阶段DEA模型的中国31省市文化产业效率研究[J].中国软科学,2009(9):75-82.
[14]马萱,郑世林.中国区域文化产业效率研究综述与展望[J].经济学动态,2010(3):83-86.
[15]赵阳,魏建.我国区域文化产业技术效率研究——基于随机前沿分析模型的视角[J].财经问题研究,2015(1):30-36.
[16]雷宏振,谢卫军.文化产业集群内组织间的知识共享[J].长安大学学报(社会科学版),2009(2):44-50.
[17]马跃如,白勇,程伟波.基于SFA的我国文化产业效率及影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2012(8):97-101.
[18]杨斌,张晓青.文化创意企业智力资本对企业绩效影响的实证分析[J].成都理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013(6):70-77.
[19]LUCAS R.On the mechanics of economic development[J].Journal of Monetary Economics,1988,22(1);3-42.
[20]BECKER G S,MURPHY K M.TAMURA R.Human capital,fertility,and economic growth[J].Journal of Political Economy,1990,98(5):12-37.
[21]BARRO R J,LEE J W.International comparisons of educational attainment[J].Journal of Monetary Economics,1993,32(3):363-394.
[22]BLUNDELL R,BOND S.GMM estimation with persistent panel data;an application to production functions[J].Econometric Reviews,2000,19(3).321-340.
[23]OLLEY G S.PAKES A.The dynamics of productivity in the telecommunications equipment industry[J].Econometrica,1996,64(6);1263-1297.
[24]LEVINSOHN J,PETRIN A.Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables[J].Review of Economic Studies,2000,70(2):317-341.
[25]余淼杰.中国的贸易自由化与制造业企业生产率[J].经济研究,20LO(12):97-110.
[26]王华,许和连,杨晶晶.出口、异质性与企业生产率——来自中国企业层面的证据[J].财经研究,2011(6):36-46.
[27]田巍,余淼杰.企业生产率和企业“走出去”对外直接投资:基于企业层面数据的实证研究[J].经济学(季刊),2012(2):383-408.
[28]TODO Y,ZHANG W,ZHOU L.Intra-industry knowledge spillovers from foreign direct investment in research and development:evidence from China's'Silicon Valley'[J].Review of Development Economics,2011,15(3).
[29]HU A G Z.QIAN J.R&D and technology transfer:firm-level evidence from Chinese industry[J].Review of Economics&Statistics,2006,87(4):780-786.
[30]BIESEBROECK J V.Exporting raises productivity in sub-Saharan African manufacturing firms[J].Journal of International Economics,2005,67(2):373-391.
[31]LOECKER J D.Product differentiation,multiproduct firms,and estimating the impact of trade liberalization on productivity[J].Econometrica,2011,79(5):1407-1451.
[32]CARNOY M.Structural adjustment and the changing face of education[J].International Labour Review,1995,134(6);653-673.
[33]刘飒,王强.我国人力资本与文化产业发展的灰色关联分析[J].当代经济管理,2009(12):59-62.
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