基于构造解析重建的四川呷村银多金属矿床模型
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摘要
四川省白玉县呷村银多金属矿床是中国著名的VHMS矿床之一,前人曾进行过详细的矿床模型研究。对于矿床下部脉状矿体大致呈层状平行于上部块状矿体的地质现象,前人曾提出"层状矿席+层控网脉状矿带"等模式。文章通过对呷村矿床地质特征的详细研究后认为,呷村矿床在印支期形成之后,遭受到燕山期弧-陆碰撞造山的强烈改造,导致矿区地层直立并倒转,并在能干性弱的流纹质火山岩中普遍发生层内韧性剪切变形,使原先近于垂直层状矿体和喷气沉积岩的下-中部脉状-网脉状矿体被构造置换为紧闭褶皱状、无根褶皱状、透镜体状,并近于平行于上部层状矿体。构造恢复表明,下-中部脉状-网脉状矿体原始三维形态为不整合的筒状或漏斗状,与上部层状矿体组成典型的"下筒上层"的"双层结构"。根据脉状-网脉状矿体和层状矿体的空间展布特征,在构造恢复的基础上重新建立了呷村VHMS矿床的双通道夹卤水池的矿床模型。该模型对矿区外围找矿有一定的指导意义。
The Gacun silver polymetallic depositin Baiyu County of Sichuan Province isone of the most famousVHMS deposit in China,and previous researchers had conducted detailed studies of the deposit model.In order to explain the geological phenomenon that the lower vein ore body is roughly stratified and parallel to the upper massive ore body,the previous researchers proposed the model of sheeted ore zone+stratabound stockwork ore zone";nevertheless,the concept remains confusing and doubtful.The authors hold that,after the formation of the Gacun deposit in the Indosinian period,the deposit suffered strong Yanshanian reformation at the collision stage between the arc and the continent,which resulted in the uprightness and overturning of the strata in the deposit,and the rhyolitic volcanic rocks with weak competence were generally subjected to the intraformationalductile shear deformation.As a result,the lower and middle vein and the stockwork ore body which were originally vertical bedded ore body and exhalative sedimentary rock were transformed into tight fold,rootless fold lenticularin form and parallel to the upper bedded ore body.Structure restoration shows that the original 3D shape of the lower and middle vein and stockwork ore body was unconformably tubular or funnel-shaped,and combined with upper bedded ore body to form typical lower tubular and upper stratiform structure "named bilayer structure".On the basis of spatial distribution characteristics of the vein and stockwork ore body and the bedded ore body,and according to structure restoration,the authors reconstructed the two-channel clip brine pool deposit model of the Gacun VHMS deposit.The model has certain guiding significance for the prospecting work in the periphery of the ore deposit.
The Gacun silver polymetallic depositin Baiyu County of Sichuan Province isone of the most famousVHMS deposit in China,and previous researchers had conducted detailed studies of the deposit model.In order to explain the geological phenomenon that the lower vein ore body is roughly stratified and parallel to the upper massive ore body,the previous researchers proposed the model of sheeted ore zone+stratabound stockwork ore zone";nevertheless,the concept remains confusing and doubtful.The authors hold that,after the formation of the Gacun deposit in the Indosinian period,the deposit suffered strong Yanshanian reformation at the collision stage between the arc and the continent,which resulted in the uprightness and overturning of the strata in the deposit,and the rhyolitic volcanic rocks with weak competence were generally subjected to the intraformationalductile shear deformation.As a result,the lower and middle vein and the stockwork ore body which were originally vertical bedded ore body and exhalative sedimentary rock were transformed into tight fold,rootless fold lenticularin form and parallel to the upper bedded ore body.Structure restoration shows that the original 3D shape of the lower and middle vein and stockwork ore body was unconformably tubular or funnel-shaped,and combined with upper bedded ore body to form typical lower tubular and upper stratiform structure "named bilayer structure".On the basis of spatial distribution characteristics of the vein and stockwork ore body and the bedded ore body,and according to structure restoration,the authors reconstructed the two-channel clip brine pool deposit model of the Gacun VHMS deposit.The model has certain guiding significance for the prospecting work in the periphery of the ore deposit.
引文
傅德明,徐明基.1996.四川呷村银多金属矿床地质特征及其与日本黑矿的类比[J].四川地质学报,16(1):6-72.
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侯增谦,莫宣学.1991.义敦岛弧的形成演化及其对“三江”地区块状硫化物矿床的控制作用[J].地球科学,16(2):153-164.
侯增谦,侯立纬,叶庆同,刘福禄,唐国光.1995.三江地区义敦岛弧构造-岩浆演化与火山成因块状硫化物矿床[M].北京:地震出版社.1-90.
侯增谦,曲晓明,周继荣,杨岳清,黄典豪,吕庆田,唐绍华,于金杰,王海平,赵金花.2001a.三江地区义敦岛弧碰撞造山过程:花岗岩记录[J].地质学报,75(4):484-497.
侯增谦,曲晓明,徐明基,付德明,华力臣,余金杰.2001b.四川呷村VHMS矿床:从野外观察到成矿模型[J].矿床地质,20(1):44-53.
侯增谦,杨岳清,等.2003.三江义敦岛弧碰撞造山过程与成矿系统[M].北京:地质出版社.70-74.
侯增谦,杨岳清,曲晓明,黄典豪,吕庆田,王海平,余金杰,唐绍华.2004.三江地区义敦岛弧造山带演化和成矿系统[J].地质学报,78(1):109-120.
胡世华,罗再文,曾宜君,等.1992.川西义敦岛弧火山-沉积作用[M].北京:地质出版社.50-142.
黄汲清,李春昱.1981.中国及其临区大地构造论文集[M].北京:地质出版社.138-146.
李佑国,侯增谦.2001.四川呷村VHMS矿床:从矿石化学分析到地球化学模型[J].矿床地质,20(2):119-128.
鲁婷,徐启东,李明立,朱勤文.2008.四川呷村VHMS多金属矿床的区域变质变形改造-露头和显微构造的观察[J].地质科技情报,27(6):79-84.
任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,秦德余.1980.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社.52-59.
单文琅,宋鸿林,傅昭仁,任建业.1991.构造变形分析的理论、方法和实践[M].中国地质大学出版社.109-138.
四川省地质矿产局403地质队.1993.四川省白玉县呷村银多金属矿区银矿勘探地质报告[R].内部资料.
四川省鑫源矿业有限责任公司.2010.四川省白玉县有热铅锌矿风险勘查勘查工作总结及2011年工作计划[R].
徐明基,傅德明,尹裕明,尹显科,咸向明,肖懿.1993.四川呷村银铅锌矿床[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社.l-180.
叶庆同.1991.四川呷村含金富银多金属矿床成矿地质特征和成因[J].矿床地质,10(2):107-118.
叶庆同,石桂华,叶锦华,等.1992.三江地区铅锌矿床地质特征和成矿系列[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社.50-125.
Eldrige C S,Barton P B and Ohmoto H.1983.Mineral textures and their bearing on formation of the Kuroko orebodies[J].Econ.Geol.,Mon.5:241-281.
Hou Z Q.1993.Tectono-magmatic evolution of the Yidun island-arc and geodynamic setting of Kuroko-type sulfide deposits in Sanjiang Region,China[J].Resource Geology,Special Issue,17:336-350.
Humphris S,Herzig P M and Miller D J.1995.The internal structure of an active sea-floor massive sulfide deposit[J].Nature,377:713-716.
Lydon J W.1984.Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits Part I:A descriptive model[J].Geoscience Canada,11:195-202.
Lydon J W.1988.Ore deposit models#14 volcanogeneic massive sulfide deposits Part 2:Genetic models[J].Geoscience.Canada,15:43-65.
Uyeda S and Kanamori H.1979.Back-arc opening and the model of subduction[J].Geophys.Res.,84:1040-1061.
Yin A and Harrison T M.2000.Geologic evolution of the HimalayanTibetan orogen[J].Ann.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.,28:211-280.
侯立纬,戴丙春,俞如龙,傅德明,胡世华.1994.四川西部义敦岛弧碰撞造山带与主要成矿系列[M].北京:地质出版社.19-74.
侯增谦.1991.川西呷村黑矿型多金属矿床成矿流体化学和热演化历史与成矿过程[J].矿床地质,10(4):313-324.
侯增谦,莫宣学.1991.义敦岛弧的形成演化及其对“三江”地区块状硫化物矿床的控制作用[J].地球科学,16(2):153-164.
侯增谦,侯立纬,叶庆同,刘福禄,唐国光.1995.三江地区义敦岛弧构造-岩浆演化与火山成因块状硫化物矿床[M].北京:地震出版社.1-90.
侯增谦,曲晓明,周继荣,杨岳清,黄典豪,吕庆田,唐绍华,于金杰,王海平,赵金花.2001a.三江地区义敦岛弧碰撞造山过程:花岗岩记录[J].地质学报,75(4):484-497.
侯增谦,曲晓明,徐明基,付德明,华力臣,余金杰.2001b.四川呷村VHMS矿床:从野外观察到成矿模型[J].矿床地质,20(1):44-53.
侯增谦,杨岳清,等.2003.三江义敦岛弧碰撞造山过程与成矿系统[M].北京:地质出版社.70-74.
侯增谦,杨岳清,曲晓明,黄典豪,吕庆田,王海平,余金杰,唐绍华.2004.三江地区义敦岛弧造山带演化和成矿系统[J].地质学报,78(1):109-120.
胡世华,罗再文,曾宜君,等.1992.川西义敦岛弧火山-沉积作用[M].北京:地质出版社.50-142.
黄汲清,李春昱.1981.中国及其临区大地构造论文集[M].北京:地质出版社.138-146.
李佑国,侯增谦.2001.四川呷村VHMS矿床:从矿石化学分析到地球化学模型[J].矿床地质,20(2):119-128.
鲁婷,徐启东,李明立,朱勤文.2008.四川呷村VHMS多金属矿床的区域变质变形改造-露头和显微构造的观察[J].地质科技情报,27(6):79-84.
任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,秦德余.1980.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社.52-59.
单文琅,宋鸿林,傅昭仁,任建业.1991.构造变形分析的理论、方法和实践[M].中国地质大学出版社.109-138.
四川省地质矿产局403地质队.1993.四川省白玉县呷村银多金属矿区银矿勘探地质报告[R].内部资料.
四川省鑫源矿业有限责任公司.2010.四川省白玉县有热铅锌矿风险勘查勘查工作总结及2011年工作计划[R].
徐明基,傅德明,尹裕明,尹显科,咸向明,肖懿.1993.四川呷村银铅锌矿床[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社.l-180.
叶庆同.1991.四川呷村含金富银多金属矿床成矿地质特征和成因[J].矿床地质,10(2):107-118.
叶庆同,石桂华,叶锦华,等.1992.三江地区铅锌矿床地质特征和成矿系列[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社.50-125.
Eldrige C S,Barton P B and Ohmoto H.1983.Mineral textures and their bearing on formation of the Kuroko orebodies[J].Econ.Geol.,Mon.5:241-281.
Hou Z Q.1993.Tectono-magmatic evolution of the Yidun island-arc and geodynamic setting of Kuroko-type sulfide deposits in Sanjiang Region,China[J].Resource Geology,Special Issue,17:336-350.
Humphris S,Herzig P M and Miller D J.1995.The internal structure of an active sea-floor massive sulfide deposit[J].Nature,377:713-716.
Lydon J W.1984.Volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits Part I:A descriptive model[J].Geoscience Canada,11:195-202.
Lydon J W.1988.Ore deposit models#14 volcanogeneic massive sulfide deposits Part 2:Genetic models[J].Geoscience.Canada,15:43-65.
Uyeda S and Kanamori H.1979.Back-arc opening and the model of subduction[J].Geophys.Res.,84:1040-1061.
Yin A and Harrison T M.2000.Geologic evolution of the HimalayanTibetan orogen[J].Ann.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.,28:211-280.
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