四川盆地中二叠统储层特征与勘探方向
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摘要
近年来,四川盆地中二叠统天然气勘探取得了可喜的进展,多口井在中二叠统茅口组、栖霞组白云岩孔隙型储层段钻获高产工业气流,中二叠统成为该盆地现阶段最现实的接替层系之一。为明确下一步的勘探方向,分析了四川盆地中二叠统的沉积背景和有利储层类型。结果表明:沉积环境主要为开阔台地浅水碳酸盐岩沉积环境;沉积时,古地貌西高东低,中西部生屑滩相储层较东部更为发育;地壳拉张使得中二叠统具备热水沉积、热液改造的良好条件;对勘探有利的3种储层类型为栖霞组滩相白云岩孔隙型储层、茅口组热水白云岩孔隙型储层和茅口组岩溶储层,其中白云岩孔隙型储层是中二叠统最有前景的勘探目标。结论认为:①川西北部—川中地区中二叠统灰质烃源岩生烃强度大,具有形成大中型气田的物质基础;②川西地区栖霞组白云岩储层较厚,是中二叠统天然气勘探的最有利地区;③上述3种储层类型均发育的地区主要分布在川中地区,其3套储层纵向上叠置,勘探潜力大;④剑阁—南充—丰都地区位于热次盆区带,其茅口组热水白云岩储层发育且叠加茅口组岩溶储层,天然气勘探前景好。
In recent years,encouraging progress has been made in Middle Permian natural gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin- numerous wells have obtained high-yield industrial gas flow in the dolomite porous reservoir sections in Middle Permian Maokou Formation and Qixia Formation,making the Middle Permian one of the most realistic replacement strata at present.In order to clarify the further exploration prospect of the basin,the Middle Permian depositional settings and prospective reservoir types were analyzed.The results show that:(1) the depositional environment was predominantly open,shallow water;the palaeogeomorphology was high in the west and low in the east,with bioclast flat reservoirs more extensive in the middle-west part than the east part;crustal extension made Middle Permian deposits have good conditions for thermal water deposition and hydrothermal alteration;and(2) the prospect reservoirs for exploration were shoal facies dolomite porous reservoir of Qixia Formation,thermal water dolomite porous reservoir of Maokou Formation and karst reservoir of Maokou Formation,thus,dolomite porous reservoir was the most perspective target in Middle Permian.It is concluded that Middle Permian limestone source rocks have large hydrocarbon generation intensity in the northern part of Western Sichuan- Central Sichuan and have the material basis for the formation of large-medium gas fields;the thick dolomite reservoir of Qixia Formation in the Western Sichuan Basin is the most prospective reservoir in Middle Permian;three types of reservoirs are distributed in the Central Sichuan,and they are superimposed vertically with large exploration potential;Jiange-Nanchong-Fengdu region is located in thermal sub-basin zone,where the thermal water dolomite reservoir of Maokou Formation is pervasive and superimposed on the karst reservoir of Maokou Formation,showing good natural gas exploration prospects.
In recent years,encouraging progress has been made in Middle Permian natural gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin- numerous wells have obtained high-yield industrial gas flow in the dolomite porous reservoir sections in Middle Permian Maokou Formation and Qixia Formation,making the Middle Permian one of the most realistic replacement strata at present.In order to clarify the further exploration prospect of the basin,the Middle Permian depositional settings and prospective reservoir types were analyzed.The results show that:(1) the depositional environment was predominantly open,shallow water;the palaeogeomorphology was high in the west and low in the east,with bioclast flat reservoirs more extensive in the middle-west part than the east part;crustal extension made Middle Permian deposits have good conditions for thermal water deposition and hydrothermal alteration;and(2) the prospect reservoirs for exploration were shoal facies dolomite porous reservoir of Qixia Formation,thermal water dolomite porous reservoir of Maokou Formation and karst reservoir of Maokou Formation,thus,dolomite porous reservoir was the most perspective target in Middle Permian.It is concluded that Middle Permian limestone source rocks have large hydrocarbon generation intensity in the northern part of Western Sichuan- Central Sichuan and have the material basis for the formation of large-medium gas fields;the thick dolomite reservoir of Qixia Formation in the Western Sichuan Basin is the most prospective reservoir in Middle Permian;three types of reservoirs are distributed in the Central Sichuan,and they are superimposed vertically with large exploration potential;Jiange-Nanchong-Fengdu region is located in thermal sub-basin zone,where the thermal water dolomite reservoir of Maokou Formation is pervasive and superimposed on the karst reservoir of Maokou Formation,showing good natural gas exploration prospects.
引文
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[13]李明雄.四川盆地利用重磁资料预测天然气勘探开发前景研究报告[R].成都:四川省地质矿产局物探队,1995.Li Mingxiong.Report on natural gas exploration and development prospect of Sichuan Basin predicted by magnetic and gravity data[R].Chengdu:Geophysical Prospecting Team of Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1995.
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[15]陈盛吉,孟祥豪,王兴建,刘岩,薛霞.四川盆地烃源条件与油气资源潜力研究[R].成都:成都市成华区东方矿产开发技术研究所,2014.Chen Shengji,Meng Xianghao,Wang Xingjian,Liu Yan,Xue Xia.Source-rock conditions and hydrocarbon resources potential of Sichuan Basin[R].Chengdu:Research Institute of the Orient Minerals Development and Technology,2014.
[16]罗冰,周刚,罗文军,夏茂龙.川中古隆起下古生界——震旦系勘探发现与天然气富集规律[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(2):18-29.Luo Bing,Zhou Gang,Luo Wenjun,Xia Maolong.Discovery from exploration of lower Paleozoic-Sinian system in central Sichuan palaeo-uplift and its natural gas abundance law[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(2):18-29.
[17]杨雨,黄先平,张健,杨光,宋家荣,宋林珂,等.四川盆地寒武系沉积前震旦系顶界岩溶地貌特征及其地质意义[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):38-43.Yang Yu,Huang Xianping,Zhang Jian,Yang Guang,Song Jiarong,Song Linke,et al.Features and geologic significances of the top Sinian karst landform before the Cambrian deposition in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):38-43.
[2]黄先平,杨天泉,张红梅.四川盆地下二叠统沉积相及其勘探潜力区研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(1):10-12.Huang Xianping,Yang Tianquan,Zhang Hongmei.Research on the sedimentary facies and exploration potential areas of Lower Permian in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(1),10-12.
[3]张荫本.四川盆地二叠系地层中的白云石化[J].石油学报,1982,3(1):29-33.Zhang Yinben.Dolomitization in Permian rocks in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(1):29-33.
[4]陈明启.川西南下二叠阳新统白云岩成因探讨[J].沉积学报,1989,7(2):45-50.Chen Mingqi.A discussion of the origin of Yangxin dolomite of lower Permian in southwest Sichuan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1989,7(2):45-50.
[5]何幼斌,冯增昭.四川盆地及其周缘中二叠统细-粗晶白云岩成因探讨[J].江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(4):15-20.He Youbin,Feng Zengzhao.Origin of Middle Permian fineand coarse-crystalline dolomites in Sichuan Basin and its adjoining areas[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1996,18(4):15-20.
[6]金振奎,冯增昭.滇东-川西下二叠统白云岩的形成机理——玄武岩淋滤白云化[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):383-389.Jin Zhenkui,Feng Zengzhao.Origin of dolostones of the Lower Permian in east Yunnan-west Sichuan—dolomitization through leaching of basalts[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(3):383-389.
[7]陈轩,赵文智,刘银河,周慧,江青春.川西南地区中二叠统热液白云岩特征及勘探思路[J].石油学报,2013,34(3):460-466.Chen Xuan,Zhao Wenzhi,Liu Yinhe,Zhou Hui,Jiang Qingchun.Characteristics and exploration strategy of the Middle Permian hydrothermal dolomite in southwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(3):460-466.
[8]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,王铜山,李秋芬,翟秀芬.四川盆地中二叠统中-粗晶白云岩成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4)..503-510.Jiang Qingchun,Hu Suyun,Wang Zecheng,Wang Tongshan,Li Qiufen,Zhai Xiufen.Genesis of medium-macrocrystalline dolomite in the Middle Permian of Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(4):503-510.
[9]黄东,沈浩,汪华,徐世琦,李毅,石学文,等.川西地区下二叠统栖霞组含油气地质条件研究[R].成都:中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,2012.Huang Dong,Shen Hao,Wang Hua,Xu Shiqi,Li Yi,Shi Xuewen,et al.Oil-bearing geological condition of Lower Permian Qixia Formation in western Sichuan Basin[R].Chengdu:Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,2012.
[10]汪华,石学文,黄东,沈浩,李毅,杨雨然,等.四川盆地东南部地区中二叠统储层特征及主控因素研究[R].成都:中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院,2013.Wang Hua,Shi Xuewen,Huang Dong,Shen Hao,Li Yi,Yang Yuran,et al.Reservoir characteristics of Middle Permian in southeastern Sichuan Basin and main control factors[R].Chengdu:Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,2013.
[11]汪华,沈浩,黄东,石学文,李毅,袁小玲,等.四川盆地中二叠统热水白云岩成因及其分布[J].天然气工业,2014,34(9):25-32.Wang Hua,Shen Hao,Huang Dong,Shi Xuewen,Li Yi,Yuan Xiaoling,et al.Origin and distribution of hydrothermal dolomites of the Middle Permian in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(9):25-32.
[12]李毅,沈浩,石学文,汪华,陈莎,袁小玲.川东-川中地区茅口组白云岩展布及成因分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2013,36(4):l-4.Li Yi,Shen Hao,Shi Xuewen,Wang Hua,Chen Sha,Yuan Xiaoling.Distribution and origin of dolomites in Maokou Formation,eastern and central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2013,36(4):1-4.
[13]李明雄.四川盆地利用重磁资料预测天然气勘探开发前景研究报告[R].成都:四川省地质矿产局物探队,1995.Li Mingxiong.Report on natural gas exploration and development prospect of Sichuan Basin predicted by magnetic and gravity data[R].Chengdu:Geophysical Prospecting Team of Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1995.
[14]陈宗清.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(5):1-11.Chen Zongqing.Exploration for natural gas in Middle Permian Maokou Formation of Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007,12(5):1-11.
[15]陈盛吉,孟祥豪,王兴建,刘岩,薛霞.四川盆地烃源条件与油气资源潜力研究[R].成都:成都市成华区东方矿产开发技术研究所,2014.Chen Shengji,Meng Xianghao,Wang Xingjian,Liu Yan,Xue Xia.Source-rock conditions and hydrocarbon resources potential of Sichuan Basin[R].Chengdu:Research Institute of the Orient Minerals Development and Technology,2014.
[16]罗冰,周刚,罗文军,夏茂龙.川中古隆起下古生界——震旦系勘探发现与天然气富集规律[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(2):18-29.Luo Bing,Zhou Gang,Luo Wenjun,Xia Maolong.Discovery from exploration of lower Paleozoic-Sinian system in central Sichuan palaeo-uplift and its natural gas abundance law[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(2):18-29.
[17]杨雨,黄先平,张健,杨光,宋家荣,宋林珂,等.四川盆地寒武系沉积前震旦系顶界岩溶地貌特征及其地质意义[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):38-43.Yang Yu,Huang Xianping,Zhang Jian,Yang Guang,Song Jiarong,Song Linke,et al.Features and geologic significances of the top Sinian karst landform before the Cambrian deposition in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):38-43.
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