四川盆地川中侏罗系致密储层石油勘探前景
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摘要
从连续型石油聚集和与美国Williston盆地Bakken组对比的角度,对四川盆地川中侏罗系致密储层的石油勘探前景进行了探讨。研究认为:1)四川盆地侏罗系储层孔隙度平均为1.0%~3.7%,渗透率平均为0.35×10-3~0.53×10-3μm2,中值孔喉半径平均为0.05~0.24μm,属于典型的致密储层。2)川中侏罗系产油层纵、横向上与生油层密切共生,源内或近源聚集;主力油层连续分布在斜坡区和凹陷区,没有明显的圈闭界限,不受局部构造控制;多层系叠合连片,大面积整体含油;多数含油区块为异常高压系统,油藏无水,没有统一的油-水边界,为较典型的连续型石油聚集,与Bakken组基本相同。3)Bakken组致密储层石油在近几年相对高油价背景下,主要以水平井及分段压裂技术实现了规模效益勘探开发;川中侏罗系受认识、投入和技术的制约,近十几年来未有实质性进展。4)从研究认识着手,建立先导性试验区,加强水平井及分段压裂等关键工艺技术攻关,有效提高单井产量,这是打开川中侏罗系致密储层石油勘探开发新局面的有效途径。
From viewpoint of continuous petroleum accumulation and comparison with Bakken Formation in Willsiton Basin(USA),the paper discussed petroleum exploration prospect of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin.The Jurassic reservoirs in Sichuan Basin are typical tight ones with an average porosity of 1-3.7%,average permeability of 0.35×10-3-0.53×10-3 μm and median pore throat radius of 0.05-0.24 mm.The Jurassic reservoirs contacte closely with source rocks both laterally and vertically in central Sichuan Basin.The hydrocarbons accumulates within source rocks or in reservoirs close to the source rocks.The major reservoirs are continuously distributed in the slope area and sags,have no distinct trap boundaries,and are not controlled by local structures.Multiple reservoirs superimposed vertically and connected laterally,forming a large hydrocarbon-bearing areal extent.Most oil-bearing blocks have an abnormal overpressure system,no water in the reservoir and no uniform oil/water contact.The Jurassic oil accumulation in central Sichuan Basin is a typical continuous one basically similar to the Bakken Formation.In recent years,the Bakken tight oil have been deve-loped in large scale with horizontal well and multi-stage fracturing techniques thanks to the relatively high oil price.In contrast,exploration and development of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin have no breakthrough due to the constraints of understanding,investment and technology.Improving geological understanding,strengthening research of key technologies such as horizontal drilling and multi-stage fracturing and increasing single well production are critical to the successful exploration and development of the Jurassic tight re-servoir in central part of Sichuan Basin.
From viewpoint of continuous petroleum accumulation and comparison with Bakken Formation in Willsiton Basin(USA),the paper discussed petroleum exploration prospect of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin.The Jurassic reservoirs in Sichuan Basin are typical tight ones with an average porosity of 1-3.7%,average permeability of 0.35×10-3-0.53×10-3 μm and median pore throat radius of 0.05-0.24 mm.The Jurassic reservoirs contacte closely with source rocks both laterally and vertically in central Sichuan Basin.The hydrocarbons accumulates within source rocks or in reservoirs close to the source rocks.The major reservoirs are continuously distributed in the slope area and sags,have no distinct trap boundaries,and are not controlled by local structures.Multiple reservoirs superimposed vertically and connected laterally,forming a large hydrocarbon-bearing areal extent.Most oil-bearing blocks have an abnormal overpressure system,no water in the reservoir and no uniform oil/water contact.The Jurassic oil accumulation in central Sichuan Basin is a typical continuous one basically similar to the Bakken Formation.In recent years,the Bakken tight oil have been deve-loped in large scale with horizontal well and multi-stage fracturing techniques thanks to the relatively high oil price.In contrast,exploration and development of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin have no breakthrough due to the constraints of understanding,investment and technology.Improving geological understanding,strengthening research of key technologies such as horizontal drilling and multi-stage fracturing and increasing single well production are critical to the successful exploration and development of the Jurassic tight re-servoir in central part of Sichuan Basin.
引文
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[11]查全衡.美国1995年油气资源评价———陆地及州属海域部分简介[J].世界石油工业,1997,4(4):22-27.Zha Quanheng.1995 national assessment of United States oiland gas resources(Land and State’s offshore)[J].World Pe-troleum Industry,1997,4(4):22-27.
[12]USGS.Assessment of undiscovered oil resources in the Devo-nian-Mississippian Bakken Formation,Williston Basin Pro-vince,Montana and North Dakota[Z].USGS Fact Sheet2008-3021,2008.
[13]Sonnenberg S A,Pramudito A.Petroleum geology of the giantElm Coulee field,Williston Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(9):1127-1153.
[14]Nordeng S H.The Bakken petroleum system:an example of acontinuous petroleum accumulation[J].DMR Newsletter,2009,36(1):21-24.
[15]颜磊,刘立宏,李永明,等.水平井重复压裂技术在美国巴肯油田的成功应用[J].国外油田工程,2010,26(12):21-25.Yan Lei,Liu Lihong,Li Yongming,et al.Application of themultiple fracturing techniques for horizontal wells in BakkenOilfield of U.S.A[J].Foreign Oilfield Engineering,2010,26(12):21-25.
[16]Ghiselin D.Bakken Shale:the play book,key technologies—in-spiration,innovation unlock Bakken pay[Z].Hart Energy Pub-lishing,2008:68-85.
[17]Murphy E.The oil potential of the Bakken source system[J].DMR Newsletter,2010,37(2):11-13.
[2]邓秀芹,刘新社,李士祥.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组超低渗透储层致密史与油藏成藏史[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2):156-161.Deng Xiuqin,Liu Xinshe,Li Shixiang.The relationship betweencompacting history and hydrocarbon accumulating history of thesuper low permeability reservoirs in the Triassic Yanchang For-mation in the Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2009,30(2):156-161.
[3]郑和荣,尹伟,胡宗全,等.中国中西部碎屑岩领域油气富集主控因素与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):753-762.Zheng Herong,Yin Wei,Hu Zongquan,et al.Main controllingfactors for hydrocarbon accumulation and potential explorationtargets in clastic sequences in western-central China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):753-762.
[4]Williams P.Bakken Shale:the play book,US overview[Z].Hart Energy Publishing,2008:2-15.
[5]Williams P.Bakken Shale:the play book,Canadian Bakkenoverview[Z].Hart Energy Publishing,2008:16-21.
[6]NETL.Bakken—the biggest oil resource in the United States?[Z].NETL Winter Issue,2011:1-20.
[7]王毓俊.四川盆地找到大油田的可能性分析[J].石油科技论坛,2010,29(1):26-31.Wang Yujun.Feasibility analysis of discovering large oilfield inSichuan Basin[J].Oil Forum,2010,29(1):26-31.
[8]蒋裕强,漆麟,邓海波,等.四川盆地侏罗系油气成藏条件及勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2010,30(3):22-26.Jiang Yuqiang,Qi Lin,Deng Haibo,et al.Hydrocarbon accu-mulation conditions and exploration potentials of the Jurassicreservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(3):22-26.
[9]梁狄刚,冉隆辉,戴弹申,等.四川中北部侏罗系大面积非常规石油勘探潜力的再认识[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):8-17.Liang Digang,Ran Longhui,Dai Danshen,et al.A re-recogni-tion of the prospecting potential of Jurassic large-area and on-conventional oils in the central-northern Sichuan Basin[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):8-17.
[10]翟光明.中国石油地质志(卷十):四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社1989:20-448.Zhai Guangming.Petroleum geology of China(Vol 10):si-chuan oil and gas area[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989:20-448.
[11]查全衡.美国1995年油气资源评价———陆地及州属海域部分简介[J].世界石油工业,1997,4(4):22-27.Zha Quanheng.1995 national assessment of United States oiland gas resources(Land and State’s offshore)[J].World Pe-troleum Industry,1997,4(4):22-27.
[12]USGS.Assessment of undiscovered oil resources in the Devo-nian-Mississippian Bakken Formation,Williston Basin Pro-vince,Montana and North Dakota[Z].USGS Fact Sheet2008-3021,2008.
[13]Sonnenberg S A,Pramudito A.Petroleum geology of the giantElm Coulee field,Williston Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(9):1127-1153.
[14]Nordeng S H.The Bakken petroleum system:an example of acontinuous petroleum accumulation[J].DMR Newsletter,2009,36(1):21-24.
[15]颜磊,刘立宏,李永明,等.水平井重复压裂技术在美国巴肯油田的成功应用[J].国外油田工程,2010,26(12):21-25.Yan Lei,Liu Lihong,Li Yongming,et al.Application of themultiple fracturing techniques for horizontal wells in BakkenOilfield of U.S.A[J].Foreign Oilfield Engineering,2010,26(12):21-25.
[16]Ghiselin D.Bakken Shale:the play book,key technologies—in-spiration,innovation unlock Bakken pay[Z].Hart Energy Pub-lishing,2008:68-85.
[17]Murphy E.The oil potential of the Bakken source system[J].DMR Newsletter,2010,37(2):11-13.
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