四川盆地上三叠统须家河组沉积时期古气候
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摘要
四川盆地上三叠统须家河组可分为6段,整体表现为砂—泥间互的沉积结构,古气候是控制这种沉积结构的重要因素之一。文中利用孢粉分析法、黏土矿物分析法和特征元素分析法对全盆地6个采样点、6个层段的泥岩样品进行了系统分析,分别恢复了四川盆地晚三叠世须家河组各段地层沉积时期的古气候。研究表明,四川盆地晚三叠世须家河组沉积时期古气候特征为热带—亚热带背景下发生的温热交替、干湿更迭:须1段为海陆过渡相沉积,该时期温度高、湿度大,为炎热潮湿气候;须2段沉积时期,温度与须1段沉积时期持平或略低、湿度大幅降低,为温和干燥气候;须3段沉积时期,温度和湿度均比须2段沉积时期高,炎热潮湿,沼泽沉积发育;须4段沉积时期,温度升高、湿度略有降低,气候温和干旱;须5段沉积时期,温度和湿度均达到峰值,为整个须家河组沉积时期最炎热潮湿的阶段;须6段沉积时期,温度降至最低、湿度有所下降,气候温和干旱。
The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin can be divided into six members with a texture of interbeded sandstones and mudstones.Paleoclimate is one of the factors controlling the texture.Three methods named palynoflora,clay minerals,and eigen elements analyses were used to reconstruct the paleoclimate during the depositional period of the Xujiahe Formation.Mudstone samples of the six members were taken from six different areas through the entire basin,and then were analyzed to reconstruct the paleoclimate,respectively.The palynoflora indicated that the paleoclimate setting during the depositional period of the Xujiahe Formation was hot and humid within tropics-subtropics zone.With clay minerals analysis,the ratio of Kaolinite to Illite(K/I)was used to analyze the paleoclimate,which reduced the ambiguity.Using the ratio of calcium to magnesium(Ca/Mg)and strontium/barium(Sr/Ba),the details of paleotemperature and paleomoisture(paleosalinity)were reconstructed.It indicates that the paleotemperature and paleomoisture during the depositional period of the Xujiahe Formation fluctuated regularly against the setting of tropics-subtropics.The Member 1 of the Xujiahe Formation was formed in a transitional facies when the paleoclimate was hot and humid.The Member 2 of the Xujiahe Formation was formed in a hot and arid climate.When the Member 3 of the Xujiahe Formation was formed,the temperature and moisture were all higher than the Member 2.It belonged to the swamp environment.After a short decrease of temperature and moisture in the Member 4,it became the hottest and wettest during the period when the Member 5 was formed.The temperature and moisture declined slightly when the Member 6 was formed,and the paleoclimate became warmer and more arid.
The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin can be divided into six members with a texture of interbeded sandstones and mudstones.Paleoclimate is one of the factors controlling the texture.Three methods named palynoflora,clay minerals,and eigen elements analyses were used to reconstruct the paleoclimate during the depositional period of the Xujiahe Formation.Mudstone samples of the six members were taken from six different areas through the entire basin,and then were analyzed to reconstruct the paleoclimate,respectively.The palynoflora indicated that the paleoclimate setting during the depositional period of the Xujiahe Formation was hot and humid within tropics-subtropics zone.With clay minerals analysis,the ratio of Kaolinite to Illite(K/I)was used to analyze the paleoclimate,which reduced the ambiguity.Using the ratio of calcium to magnesium(Ca/Mg)and strontium/barium(Sr/Ba),the details of paleotemperature and paleomoisture(paleosalinity)were reconstructed.It indicates that the paleotemperature and paleomoisture during the depositional period of the Xujiahe Formation fluctuated regularly against the setting of tropics-subtropics.The Member 1 of the Xujiahe Formation was formed in a transitional facies when the paleoclimate was hot and humid.The Member 2 of the Xujiahe Formation was formed in a hot and arid climate.When the Member 3 of the Xujiahe Formation was formed,the temperature and moisture were all higher than the Member 2.It belonged to the swamp environment.After a short decrease of temperature and moisture in the Member 4,it became the hottest and wettest during the period when the Member 5 was formed.The temperature and moisture declined slightly when the Member 6 was formed,and the paleoclimate became warmer and more arid.
引文
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邓康龄.1992.四川盆地形成演化与油气勘探领域[J].天然气工业,12(5):7-13.
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高彩霞,邵龙义,李长林,等.2009.四川盆地东部上三叠统须家河组层序地层及聚煤特征研究[J].古地理学报,11(6):689-696.
高瑞琪.2000.中国含油气盆地孢粉学[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.1996.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,113-138.
侯方浩,蒋裕强,方少仙,等.2005.四川盆地上三叠统香溪组2段和4段砂岩沉积模式[J].石油学报,26(2):30-37.
黄其胜.1995.川北晚三叠世须家河期古气候及成煤特征[J].地质论评,41(1):92-99.
姜在兴,田继军,陈桂菊,等.2007.川西前陆盆地上三叠统沉积特征[J].古地理学报,9(2):143-154.
李祥辉,徐宝亮,陈云华,等.2008.华北—东北南部地区中生代中晚期粘土矿物与古气候[J].地质学报,82(5):683-691.
卢远征,邓胜徽.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘三叠纪—侏罗纪之交的古气候[J].古地理学报,11(6):652-660.
蒙有言,冯庆来,何卫红,等.2005.广西柳桥地区二叠系—三叠系界线附近黏土矿物及古气候特征[J].地质科技情报,24(4):25-30.
田晓雪,雒昆利,谭见安,等.2005.黑龙江嘉荫地区白垩系与古近系界线附近的古气候分析[J].古地理学报,7(3):425-432.
王全伟,阚泽忠,刘啸虎,等.2008.四川中生代陆相盆地孢粉组合所反映的古植被与古气候特征[J].四川地质学报,28(2):89-95.
许哲平,陈建强,肖景义.2009.云南昆明盆地中更新世晚期以来的孢粉记录及古气候演化[J].地质学报,83(1):65-77.
赵澄林,朱筱敏.2001.沉积岩石学(第三版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
赵文智,汪泽成,王红军,等.2008.中国中、低丰度大油气田基本特征及形成条件[J].石油勘探与开发,35(9):641-650.
郑建屏,秦镜蓉,冯建川.1992.四川盆地晚三叠世煤炭资源地球物理远景调查[M].北京:地质出版社.
郑荣才,朱如凯,翟文亮,等.2008a.川西类前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期构造演化及层序充填样式[J].中国地质,35(2):246-255.
郑荣才,朱如凯,戴朝成,等.2008b.川东北类前陆盆地须家河组盆—山耦合过程的沉积—层序特征[J].地质学报,82(8):1077-1087.
周山富,杨方之.2007.孢粉地质学[M].浙江杭州:浙江大学出版社.
朱如凯,赵霞,刘柳红,等.2009.四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,36(1):46-55.
Prodip K D,Lee J S.1986.Alluvial sandstone composition and paleocli-mate(Ⅱ):Authigenic mineralogy[J].Journal of Sedimentary Pe-trology,56(3):346-358.
陈敬安,万国江,陈振楼,等.1999.洱海沉积物化学元素与古气候演化[J].地球化学,28(6):562-570.
邓康龄.1992.四川盆地形成演化与油气勘探领域[J].天然气工业,12(5):7-13.
冯启,冯庆来,于吉顺,等.2007.广西东攀剖面二叠系顶部粘土矿物特征及古气候意义[J].沉积学报,25(3):365-371.
高彩霞,邵龙义,李长林,等.2009.四川盆地东部上三叠统须家河组层序地层及聚煤特征研究[J].古地理学报,11(6):689-696.
高瑞琪.2000.中国含油气盆地孢粉学[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.1996.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,113-138.
侯方浩,蒋裕强,方少仙,等.2005.四川盆地上三叠统香溪组2段和4段砂岩沉积模式[J].石油学报,26(2):30-37.
黄其胜.1995.川北晚三叠世须家河期古气候及成煤特征[J].地质论评,41(1):92-99.
姜在兴,田继军,陈桂菊,等.2007.川西前陆盆地上三叠统沉积特征[J].古地理学报,9(2):143-154.
李祥辉,徐宝亮,陈云华,等.2008.华北—东北南部地区中生代中晚期粘土矿物与古气候[J].地质学报,82(5):683-691.
卢远征,邓胜徽.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘三叠纪—侏罗纪之交的古气候[J].古地理学报,11(6):652-660.
蒙有言,冯庆来,何卫红,等.2005.广西柳桥地区二叠系—三叠系界线附近黏土矿物及古气候特征[J].地质科技情报,24(4):25-30.
田晓雪,雒昆利,谭见安,等.2005.黑龙江嘉荫地区白垩系与古近系界线附近的古气候分析[J].古地理学报,7(3):425-432.
王全伟,阚泽忠,刘啸虎,等.2008.四川中生代陆相盆地孢粉组合所反映的古植被与古气候特征[J].四川地质学报,28(2):89-95.
许哲平,陈建强,肖景义.2009.云南昆明盆地中更新世晚期以来的孢粉记录及古气候演化[J].地质学报,83(1):65-77.
赵澄林,朱筱敏.2001.沉积岩石学(第三版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社.
赵文智,汪泽成,王红军,等.2008.中国中、低丰度大油气田基本特征及形成条件[J].石油勘探与开发,35(9):641-650.
郑建屏,秦镜蓉,冯建川.1992.四川盆地晚三叠世煤炭资源地球物理远景调查[M].北京:地质出版社.
郑荣才,朱如凯,翟文亮,等.2008a.川西类前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期构造演化及层序充填样式[J].中国地质,35(2):246-255.
郑荣才,朱如凯,戴朝成,等.2008b.川东北类前陆盆地须家河组盆—山耦合过程的沉积—层序特征[J].地质学报,82(8):1077-1087.
周山富,杨方之.2007.孢粉地质学[M].浙江杭州:浙江大学出版社.
朱如凯,赵霞,刘柳红,等.2009.四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,36(1):46-55.
Prodip K D,Lee J S.1986.Alluvial sandstone composition and paleocli-mate(Ⅱ):Authigenic mineralogy[J].Journal of Sedimentary Pe-trology,56(3):346-358.
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