长江与黄河河口沉积物环境磁学特征及其对比研究
摘要
对采自长江现行主河道和黄河入海口处的表层沉积样品进行了环境磁学参数的测量和对比研究。结果表明:长江和黄河河口沉积物的磁性载体主要是亚铁磁性物质,亚铁磁性矿物晶粒以假单畴-多畴为主,同时亦有超顺磁晶粒的存在;长江河口沉积物的磁性明显强于黄河河口沉积物,特别是质量磁化率、非磁滞剩磁及饱和等温剩磁,两者相对偏差在40%以上;在粗粒级沉积物(>0.063 mm)中,长江河口沉积物的磁化率与全样磁化率平均值差别较小,在4%左右;黄河河口沉积物差别很大,可达34%。两者的差别反映了长江和黄河沉积物中磁性矿物赋存方式的差异;长江和黄河河口沉积物磁性特征的差异与两者粒度特征对比明显。长江和黄河河口沉积物的这些磁学方面的差别是源岩特征和气候环境差异上的反映,可以作为判别两者物源的有效示踪剂。
Based on the environmental magnetism measurements on the sediment samples from the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River mouths,the basic characteristics of the environmental magnetism for the sediment from the Changjiang River mouth and the Huanghe River mouth are analyzed respectively and compared with each other.The results indicated that ferrimagnetic minerals are the main magnetism carriers for both the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River sediment.Additionally the ferrimagnetic minerals are mostly composed of psudo-single domain and multi-domain grains together with a little superparamagnetic grain.The magnetic intensity in the sediment from the Changjiang River mouth is obviously higher than that from the Huanghe River mouth,especially in terms of magnetic susceptibility,anhysteretic remanent magnetization and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization.For the samples from the Changjiang River mouth there is no significant discrepancy of susceptibility detected between the coarser-grain part and the total samples,while it is high up to 34% for the samples from the Huanghe River mouth,indicating that such difference of susceptibility between the samples from the two river mouths is derived from the dissimilar existence of the minerals;The difference in the environmental magnetism between the sediment samples from the two river mouths is corresponding with the different distribution patterns of grain size.The different environmental magnetism characteristics of the sediments reflect the different source rocks and the climate for the sediment generation.Therefore the parameters of the environmental magnetism can be regard as an effective tracer for identifying the sediment provenances of the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River.
Based on the environmental magnetism measurements on the sediment samples from the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River mouths,the basic characteristics of the environmental magnetism for the sediment from the Changjiang River mouth and the Huanghe River mouth are analyzed respectively and compared with each other.The results indicated that ferrimagnetic minerals are the main magnetism carriers for both the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River sediment.Additionally the ferrimagnetic minerals are mostly composed of psudo-single domain and multi-domain grains together with a little superparamagnetic grain.The magnetic intensity in the sediment from the Changjiang River mouth is obviously higher than that from the Huanghe River mouth,especially in terms of magnetic susceptibility,anhysteretic remanent magnetization and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization.For the samples from the Changjiang River mouth there is no significant discrepancy of susceptibility detected between the coarser-grain part and the total samples,while it is high up to 34% for the samples from the Huanghe River mouth,indicating that such difference of susceptibility between the samples from the two river mouths is derived from the dissimilar existence of the minerals;The difference in the environmental magnetism between the sediment samples from the two river mouths is corresponding with the different distribution patterns of grain size.The different environmental magnetism characteristics of the sediments reflect the different source rocks and the climate for the sediment generation.Therefore the parameters of the environmental magnetism can be regard as an effective tracer for identifying the sediment provenances of the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River.
引文
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[15]俞立中,许羽,许世远,等.太湖沉积物的磁性特征及其环境意义[J].湖泊科学,1995,7(2):141-150.
[16]刘泽纯,黄巧华.昆明盆地两孔岩芯的沉积特征及环境磁学分析[J].沉积学报,1992,10(2):54-61.
[17]张卫国,俞立中.长江口潮滩沉积物的磁学性质及其与粒度的关系[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(9):783-792.
[18]葛宗诗.南黄海QC2孔磁化率研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(4):35-42.
[19]刘健,朱日祥,李绍全.南黄海北部末次冰期棕黄色细粒沉积物的磁学特征及其地质意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(4):15-20.
[20]刘健,李绍全,王圣洁,等.南黄海东北陆架YS-DP105孔冰消期以来沉积层序的磁学特征研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1997,17(4):13-24.
[21]贾玉连,柯贤坤,王艳,等.渤海曹妃甸沙坝-泻湖海岸现代沉积的磁化率与粒度、矿物的关系[J].海洋通报,2000,19(1):41-50.
[22]DekkerS MJ.Environmental magnetiSm:anintroduc-tion[J].Geologic en Mijnbouw,1997,76:163-182.
[23]Mooney S D,Geiss C,Smith M A.The use of miner-al magnetic parameters to characterize archaeologicalochres[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2002,29:1-13.
[24]刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.210-245.
[25]石建省,李铮华,魏明建,等.黄土与古气候研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.44-55.
[26]万新宁,李九发,何青,等.长江中下游水沙通量变化规律[J].泥沙研究,2003,4:29-35.
[27]长江水利委员会.三峡工程泥沙研究[M].湖北:湖北科学技术出版社,1997.185-186.
[28]中国科学院地理研究所,长江水利水电科学研究院.长江中下游河道特征及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.270.
[29]屈翠辉,郑建勋,杨韶晋,等.黄河、长江、珠江下游控制站悬浮物的化学成分及其制约因素的研究[J].科学通报,1984,17:1 063-1 066.
[30]王腊春,陈晓玲,储同庆.黄河、长江泥沙特性对比分析[J].地理研究,1997,16(4):71-79.
[31]任美锷,史运良.黄河输沙及其对渤海、黄海沉积作用的影响[J].地理科学,1986,6(1):1-12.
[32]叶青超.黄河流域环境演变与水沙运行规律研究[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1994.220.
[33]熊怡,张家桢.中国水文区划[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.206.
[34]陈静生,李元惠,乐嘉祥,等.我国河流的物理与化学侵蚀作用[J].科学通报,1984,15:932-936.
[35]张经.盆地的风化作用对河流化学成分的控制[A].张经.中国主要河口的生物地球化学研究[C].北京:海洋出版社,1996.1 216.
[36]姜月华,殷鸿福,王润华.环境磁学理论、方法和研究进展[J].地球学报,2004,25(3):357-362.
[2]范德江,杨作升,王文正.长江、黄河沉积物中碳酸盐组成及差异[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(1):60-64.
[3]毛登,范德江,郭志刚,等.长江、黄河河口沉积物中生物标志化合物组成的初步研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2001,31(5):747-754.
[4]孙白云.黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1990,10(3):23-34.
[5]杨守业,李从先,朱金初,等.长江与黄河沉积物中磁铁矿成分标型意义[J].地球化学,2000,29(5):480-484.
[6]何良彪,刘秦玉.黄河与长江沉积物中黏土矿物的化学特征[J].科学通报,1997,42(7):730-733.
[7]范德江,杨作升,毛登,等.长江与黄河沉积物中黏土矿物及地化成分的组成[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(4):7-12.
[8]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河沉积物元素组成及地质背景[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):19-26.
[9]Yang S Y,Hoi Jang H S,Choi MS,et al.The rareearth element compositions of the Changjiang(Yan-gtze)and Huanghe(Yellow)River sedi ments[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,201:407-419.
[10]孟宪伟,杜德文,陈志华,等.长江、黄河流域泛滥平原细粒沉积物87Sr/86Sr空间变异的制约因素及其物源示踪意义[J].地球化学,2000,29(6):562-570.
[11]Verosurb K L,Roberts A P.Environmental magnet-ism:past,present,andfuture[J].Journal GeophysicsResearch,1995,100:2175-2192.
[12]吕厚远,韩家懋,吴乃琴,等.中国现代土壤磁化率分析及其古气候意义[J].中国科学(B辑),1994,24(12):1290-1297.
[13]Liu X M,Rolph T,Bloemendal J,et al.Quantitativeesti mates of palaeoprecipitation at Xifeng,in the loessPlateau of China[J].Palaeo,Plaeo,Palaeo,1995,113:243-248.
[14]Wang S M,Ji L,Yang X D,et al.The record ofYounger Dryas event in the lake sedi ment from JalaiNur,Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese science Bulletin,1994,39(10):831-835.
[15]俞立中,许羽,许世远,等.太湖沉积物的磁性特征及其环境意义[J].湖泊科学,1995,7(2):141-150.
[16]刘泽纯,黄巧华.昆明盆地两孔岩芯的沉积特征及环境磁学分析[J].沉积学报,1992,10(2):54-61.
[17]张卫国,俞立中.长江口潮滩沉积物的磁学性质及其与粒度的关系[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(9):783-792.
[18]葛宗诗.南黄海QC2孔磁化率研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(4):35-42.
[19]刘健,朱日祥,李绍全.南黄海北部末次冰期棕黄色细粒沉积物的磁学特征及其地质意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(4):15-20.
[20]刘健,李绍全,王圣洁,等.南黄海东北陆架YS-DP105孔冰消期以来沉积层序的磁学特征研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1997,17(4):13-24.
[21]贾玉连,柯贤坤,王艳,等.渤海曹妃甸沙坝-泻湖海岸现代沉积的磁化率与粒度、矿物的关系[J].海洋通报,2000,19(1):41-50.
[22]DekkerS MJ.Environmental magnetiSm:anintroduc-tion[J].Geologic en Mijnbouw,1997,76:163-182.
[23]Mooney S D,Geiss C,Smith M A.The use of miner-al magnetic parameters to characterize archaeologicalochres[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2002,29:1-13.
[24]刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.210-245.
[25]石建省,李铮华,魏明建,等.黄土与古气候研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.44-55.
[26]万新宁,李九发,何青,等.长江中下游水沙通量变化规律[J].泥沙研究,2003,4:29-35.
[27]长江水利委员会.三峡工程泥沙研究[M].湖北:湖北科学技术出版社,1997.185-186.
[28]中国科学院地理研究所,长江水利水电科学研究院.长江中下游河道特征及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.270.
[29]屈翠辉,郑建勋,杨韶晋,等.黄河、长江、珠江下游控制站悬浮物的化学成分及其制约因素的研究[J].科学通报,1984,17:1 063-1 066.
[30]王腊春,陈晓玲,储同庆.黄河、长江泥沙特性对比分析[J].地理研究,1997,16(4):71-79.
[31]任美锷,史运良.黄河输沙及其对渤海、黄海沉积作用的影响[J].地理科学,1986,6(1):1-12.
[32]叶青超.黄河流域环境演变与水沙运行规律研究[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1994.220.
[33]熊怡,张家桢.中国水文区划[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.206.
[34]陈静生,李元惠,乐嘉祥,等.我国河流的物理与化学侵蚀作用[J].科学通报,1984,15:932-936.
[35]张经.盆地的风化作用对河流化学成分的控制[A].张经.中国主要河口的生物地球化学研究[C].北京:海洋出版社,1996.1 216.
[36]姜月华,殷鸿福,王润华.环境磁学理论、方法和研究进展[J].地球学报,2004,25(3):357-362.
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