湖北房县下寒武统西蒿坪段钉形骨片化石
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摘要
本文对采自湖北房县三座庵剖面下寒武统西蒿坪段的钉形骨片(nail-shaped)化石进行了研究,系统厘定和描述了2属2种,分别为Parazhijinites guizhouensis和Cambroclavus fangxianensis;其中以C.fangxianensis骨片化石最为丰富,由三种类型的骨片组成,它们可能分属于动物躯体不同部位的骨片。寒武纪早期钉形骨片化石主要包括织金钉类(zhijinitids)和寒武钉类(cambroclavids),织金钉类骨片在其动物躯体表面呈零散分布,寒武钉类骨片在其动物躯体表面呈联锁(骨片基部相互关联)分布。由于两类骨片外形非常相似,它们常被归入一个科(Zhi-jinitidae),但这种形态分类的可靠性尚有疑问,因为不同类别的动物可以生长有形态近似的骨片,而骨片的形态相似性在动物分类方面的作用有时可能被人为地扩大了。由于缺乏软躯体特异保存化石的发现,尚难确定这些骨片化石究竟与哪类动物相关,暂作分类未定的骨片化石。
A distinct feature of the early Cambrian skeletal fauna is the wide occurrence of disarticulated sclerite fossils,many of which are so far unknown with their scleritomes and zoological affinities.The nail-shaped fossils,including zhijinitids and cambroclavids,have a common form of a base and projecting spine and are a characteristic group among the enigmatic sclerites.Zhijinitid sclerites have an approximately circular base and a long dorsal spine,and possibly occur as isolated hard parts on the zhijinitid animals.Cambroclavid sclerites usually have a variable elongate base and a spine at the anterior end.Discovery of fused sclerites and articulatory facets on sclerites implies that the cambroclavid scleritome could form interlocking arrays(Conway Morris,1997).Although zhijinitids and cambroclavids are usually assigned to the family Zhijinitidae on the basis of morphological similarities of their sclerites,biological affinities and their relations are so far unresolved.Without soft-bodied preservation,it is rather difficult to evaluate the function of these sclerites bearing on their biological affinities.It could not exclude that morphological similarities of the sclerites may be due to convergence.The nail-shaped sclerites described in this paper were collected from the Xihaoping Member at the Sanzuoan section,Fangxian County,Hubei Province.Systematically,two species,including Parazhijinites guizhouensis and Cambroclavus fangxianensis,are described in detail.Parazhijinites guizhouensis comes from the basal part of the Xihaoping Member,co-occurring fossils including Neogloborilus spinatus,Hyolithellus cf.micans,Archaeospira ornata,Allonnia erromenosa,Archiasterella pentactina,Chancelloria sp.,Halkeria sp.,etc.This assemblage indicates the basal part may be of the late Meishucunian in age.While the major part of the Xihaoping Member is of the Qiongzhusian in age for the occurrence of C.fangxianensis,Ninella,Microdictyon and linguloid brachiopods.C.fangxianensis shows extensive morphological variability and three types of sclerites are recognized.Type Ⅰ has the typical morphology of a dumb-bell base and a spine projecting from the anterior end.Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ sclerites lack projecting spines,but they show distinctive variability in base form.
A distinct feature of the early Cambrian skeletal fauna is the wide occurrence of disarticulated sclerite fossils,many of which are so far unknown with their scleritomes and zoological affinities.The nail-shaped fossils,including zhijinitids and cambroclavids,have a common form of a base and projecting spine and are a characteristic group among the enigmatic sclerites.Zhijinitid sclerites have an approximately circular base and a long dorsal spine,and possibly occur as isolated hard parts on the zhijinitid animals.Cambroclavid sclerites usually have a variable elongate base and a spine at the anterior end.Discovery of fused sclerites and articulatory facets on sclerites implies that the cambroclavid scleritome could form interlocking arrays(Conway Morris,1997).Although zhijinitids and cambroclavids are usually assigned to the family Zhijinitidae on the basis of morphological similarities of their sclerites,biological affinities and their relations are so far unresolved.Without soft-bodied preservation,it is rather difficult to evaluate the function of these sclerites bearing on their biological affinities.It could not exclude that morphological similarities of the sclerites may be due to convergence.The nail-shaped sclerites described in this paper were collected from the Xihaoping Member at the Sanzuoan section,Fangxian County,Hubei Province.Systematically,two species,including Parazhijinites guizhouensis and Cambroclavus fangxianensis,are described in detail.Parazhijinites guizhouensis comes from the basal part of the Xihaoping Member,co-occurring fossils including Neogloborilus spinatus,Hyolithellus cf.micans,Archaeospira ornata,Allonnia erromenosa,Archiasterella pentactina,Chancelloria sp.,Halkeria sp.,etc.This assemblage indicates the basal part may be of the late Meishucunian in age.While the major part of the Xihaoping Member is of the Qiongzhusian in age for the occurrence of C.fangxianensis,Ninella,Microdictyon and linguloid brachiopods.C.fangxianensis shows extensive morphological variability and three types of sclerites are recognized.Type Ⅰ has the typical morphology of a dumb-bell base and a spine projecting from the anterior end.Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ sclerites lack projecting spines,but they show distinctive variability in base form.
引文
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陈均远,周桂琴,朱茂炎等,1996.澄江生物群--寒武纪大爆发的见证.台中自然科学博物馆出版.125-131
陈孟莪,1979.我国寒武纪早期含磷岩系中织金壳属Zhijinites化石的构造和分类.地质科学,3:279-281
岳昭,1990.湖北省房县灯影组西蒿坪段三叶虫首次发现及意义.中国区域地质,3:277-282
岳昭,1991.早寒武世Phyllochiton骨片集合体的发现及其与Zhijinitids类的关系.科学通报,1:47-50
忠华,1977.我国南方的古老动物群及有关问题的初步探讨.地质科学,(2):118-128
段承华,1984.湖北神农架地区早寒武世西篙坪组小壳化石一软舌螺和亲缘关系不明的骨骼化石.中国地质科学院天津地质矿产研究所所刊,7:143-183
殷继成,丁莲芳,何廷贵等,1980.四川峨眉-甘洛地区震旦纪地层古生物及沉积环境.成都:四川人民出版社.1-133
钱逸,1977.华中西南区早寒武世梅树村阶的软舌螺纲及其它化石.古生物学报,16(2):255-278
钱逸,1978.华中西南区早寒武世软舌螺化石的研究及其地层意义.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所集刊,11:1-43
钱逸(主编),1999.中国小壳化石分类学与生物地层学.北京:科学出版社.1-247
钱逸,张师本,1983.湖北房县灯影组西蒿坪段小壳化石.古生物学报,22(1):82-94
钱逸,尹恭正,1984.试论织金壳科Zhijinitidae的构造、亲缘、分类及其地层意义.古生物学报,23(2):215-223
钱逸,朱茂炎,李国祥等,2000.再论织金钉类(Zhijinitids)的生物亲缘.微体古生物学报,17(3):307-316
钱逸,陈孟莪,陈忆元,1979.峡东地区下寒武统黄鳝洞组的古生物化石.古生物学报,18(3):207-232
钱建新,肖兵,1984.新疆阿克苏-乌什地区早寒武世小壳动物群.地层古生物论文集,13:65-90
舒德干,1990.浙西、湘西及陕南寒武纪至中奥陶世的高肌虫.西安:西北大学出版社.1-95
解永顺,1988.陕西镇巴下寒武统筇竹寺阶小壳动物及有关问题的讨论.成都地质学院院报,15(4):21-29
解永顺,何廷贵,1993.扬子地台区早寒武世早期小壳动物古生态和生物分区初探.成都地质学院学报,20(2):57-63
薛耀松,周传明,2006.扬子区早寒武世早期磷质小壳化石的再沉积和地层对比问题.地层学杂志,30(1):64-74
BENGTSON S,CONWAY Morris S,COOPER B Jet al.,1990.Cambroclaves.In:Early Cambrian fossils from South Austra-lia.Assoc.Aust.Palaeontol.Mem.,9:103-119
CHENJunyuan,ZHOU Guiqin,ZHU Maoyanet al.,1996.TheChengjiang Biota:Aunique windowof the Cambrian Explosion.National Museum of Natural Science.125-131(in Chinesewith English abstract)
CHEN Meng'e,1979.On the fossil Zhijinites fromthe phosphorus-bearing sequence,early lower Cambrian,south China.ScientiaGeologica Sinica,3:279-281(in Chinese with English ab-stract)
CONWAY Morris S,CHEN Meng'e,1991.Cambroclaves and pa-racarinachitids,early skeletal problematica from the LowerCambrian of South China.Palaeontology,34(2):357-397
CONWAY Morris S,1993.Ediacaran-like fossils in Cambrian Bur-gess Shale-type faunas of North America.Palaeontology,36593-635
CONWAY Morris S,CRAMPTON J S,XI AO Binget al.,1997.Lower Cambrian cambroclaves(incertae sedis)from Xinjiang,China,with comments on the morphological variability of scle-rites.Palaeontology,40(1):167-189
DUAN Chenghua,1984.Small shelly fossils fromthe lower Cam-brian Xihaoping Formation in the Shennongjia district,HubeiProvince--Hyoliths and fossil skeletons of unknown affini-ties.Bull.Tianjin Inst.Geol.Miner.Res.,7:143-183(inChinese with English abstract)
ELICKI O,1994.Lower Cambrian carbonates fromeastern Germa-ny:paleontology,stratigraphy and palaeogeography.N.Jb.Geol.Palaontol.Abh.,191:69-93
ELICKI O,WOTTE T,2003.Cambroclaves fromthe Cambrian of Sardinia(Italy)and Germany:constraints for the palaeogeo-graphical and palaeoecological potential of cambroclaves.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,195:55-71
LI Guoxiang,STEI NER M,QI AN Yiet al.,2006.Explosiveradiation of early Cambrian skeletal faunas in south China.In:RONGJiayu(ed.),Originations,Radiations and BiodiversityChanges-Evidences from the Chinses Fossil Record.Beijing:Science Press.41-57,831-834(in Chinese with English ab-stract)
LI Guoxiang,ZHU Maoyan,STEI NER Met al.,2004.Skeletal faunas fromthe Qiongzhusian of southern Shaanxi:biodiversityand lithofacies-biofacies links in the Lower Cambrian carbonatesettings.Progress in Natural Science,14,91-96
MAMBETOV A M,REPI NA L N,1979.Nizhniy kembriy talass-kogo Alatau I ego korrelyatsiyas razrezami Malogo Karatau ISibirskoy platformy.(The Lower Cambrian of Talasskiy Alatauandits correlation withthe sections of Maly Karatau andthe Si-berian Platform).Trudy Inst.Geol.Geofiz.sib.Otd.,406:98-138(in Russian)
MESHKOVA N P,1974.Cambroscleritidaincertae sedis--novyiotryad kembrijskikh iskopaemykh.(Cambroscleritidaincertaesedis--new kind of Cambrian fossils).In:Biostratigraphyand paleontology of the Early Cambrian of Europe and northernAsia.Zhuravleva,I.T.and Rozanov,A.Yu(eds.),Nauka,Moscow,190-193(In Russian)
MATTHEWS S C,MISSARZHEVSKY V V,1975.Small shellyfossils of late Precambrian and Early Cambrian age:a reviewofrecent work.Journal of the Geological Society of London,131:289-304
QI ANJianxin,XI AO Bing,1984.An early Cambrian small shellyfauna from Aksu-Wushi region,Xinjiang.Professional Papersin Stratigraphy and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Geolog-ical Sciences,13:65-90(in Chinese with English abstract)
QI AN Yi,1977.Hyolitha and some problematica fromthe LowerCambrian Meishucunian Stage in central and southwestern Chi-na.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,16(2):255-278(in Chinese)
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