云南保山上新统黄背栎Quercus pannosa Hand.Mazz.角质层特征及古环境意义
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摘要
在滇西保山上新统首次发现了黄背栎(Quercuspannosa)压型化石,并分析了角质层构造。其特征主要为:上表皮无气孔器,表皮细胞为不规则形五边形,垂周壁微弯曲,脉络为网格状,无毛基;下表皮具环列型气孔器,表皮细胞为不规则形五边形,垂周壁微弯曲,脉络为五边形的网格状,具毛基,毛的根部由多细胞组成,毛基部的细胞特化成辐射状。利用现存最近亲缘种(NLRspecies)原理,并比较化石和现生Q.pannosa角质层特征,推断上新世Q.pannosa在羊邑生长的古环境比现生Q.pannosa生存的冷湿气候相对干旱,且化石Q.pannosa为近原地埋藏。
The compressions of fossil Quercus pannosa were found from the Pliocene in Baoshan, Western Yunnan and the cuticular structure of Quercus pannosa was carefully analyzed. The epidermal characteristics are as follows: no stomata in upper epidermis, cells from irregularity to pentagon in shape, cell anticlinal walls slightly curved, venation cancellate, no trichome base; stomata cyclocytic in lower epidermis, cells from irregularity to pentagon in shape, cell anticlinal walls slightly curved, venation pentagonal cancellate, the trichome base consisting of multicellular trichome foot and radial trichome basal cells. The comparison of cuticular structure between fossil and extant Q. pannosa based on the principle of the nearest living relative species suggests that the palaeoenvironment of Yangyi where fossil Q. pannosa lived in Pliocene is more arid than the cold-humid climate in which extant Q. pannosa lives and the fossil Q. pannosa is of near burial in situ.
The compressions of fossil Quercus pannosa were found from the Pliocene in Baoshan, Western Yunnan and the cuticular structure of Quercus pannosa was carefully analyzed. The epidermal characteristics are as follows: no stomata in upper epidermis, cells from irregularity to pentagon in shape, cell anticlinal walls slightly curved, venation cancellate, no trichome base; stomata cyclocytic in lower epidermis, cells from irregularity to pentagon in shape, cell anticlinal walls slightly curved, venation pentagonal cancellate, the trichome base consisting of multicellular trichome foot and radial trichome basal cells. The comparison of cuticular structure between fossil and extant Q. pannosa based on the principle of the nearest living relative species suggests that the palaeoenvironment of Yangyi where fossil Q. pannosa lived in Pliocene is more arid than the cold-humid climate in which extant Q. pannosa lives and the fossil Q. pannosa is of near burial in situ.
引文
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1979.中国植物志.第21卷,北京:科学出版社.58—89
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1998.中国植物志.第22卷,北京:科学出版社.240—249
中国科学院北京植物研究所,南京地质古生物研究所《中国新生代植物》编写组,1978.中国植物化石,中国新生代植物.第三册,北京:科学出版社.48—57
中国植被编委会,1980.中国植被.北京:科学出版社.356—363
云南植被编写组,1987.云南植被.北京:科学出版社.361—381
戈宏儒,李代芸,1999.云南西部新生代含煤盆地及聚煤规律.昆明:云南科技出版社.20—21,85
王宇飞,陶君容,1991.植物角质层分析术语新体系.植物学通报,8(4):6—13
孙柏年,丛培允,阎德飞等,2003.云南腾冲晚第三纪两种被子植物化石的角质层构造及其古环境意义.古生物学报,42(2):216—222
孙航,2002.古地中海退却与喜马拉雅—横断山的隆起在中国喜马拉雅成分及高山植物区系的形成与发展上的意义.云南植物研究,24(3):273—288
江泽平,1993.中国第三纪的栎类.植物学报,35(5):397—408
吴兆录,党承林,和兆荣等,1994.滇西北黄背栎林生物量和净第一性生产力的初步研究.云南大学学报(自然科学版),16(3):245—249
宋振亚,贝丰,高玲,1999.云南保山盆地第三系成烃地球化学特征及其评价.矿物岩石,19(3):23—29
李浩敏,郭双兴,1976.西藏南木林中新世植物群.古生物学报,15(1):7—17
周浙昆,1992.硬叶常绿高山栎类化石的分类学研究.植物学报,34(12):954—961
周浙昆,1993.栎属的历史植物地理学研究.云南植物研究,15(1):21—33
周浙昆,1999.壳斗科的地质历史及其系统学和植物地理学意义.植物分类学报,37(4):369—385
周浙昆,普春霞,陈文允,2003.青藏高原隆起和高山栎组(壳斗科)分布的关系.地球科学进展,18(6):884—890
罗艳,周浙昆,2001a.青冈亚属植物的地理分布.云南植物研究,23(1):2—10
罗艳,周浙昆,2001b.栎属青冈亚属(壳斗科)的叶表皮研究.植物分类学报,39(6):489—501
贺金生,陈伟烈,王金亭,1995.我国的硬叶常绿阔叶林及青藏高原的隆升对它们的影响.生物多样性研究进展———首届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会论文集,北京:中国科学技术出版社.303—317
贺金生,陈伟烈,王勋陵,1994.高山栎叶的形态结构及其与生态环境的关系.植物生态学报,18(3):219—227
徐仁,陶君容,孙湘君,1973.希夏邦马峰高山栎化石层的发现及在植物学和地质学上的意义.植物学报,15(1):103—114
徐景先,王宇飞,杜乃秋,2003.云南西部羊邑和龙陵地区晚上新世植被和古气候.古地理学报,5(2):217—223
陶君容,孔昭宸,1973.云南洱源三营煤系的植物化石群和孢粉组合.植物学报,15(1):120—126
陶君容,周浙昆,刘裕生,2000.中国晚白垩世至新生代植物区系发展演变.北京:科学出版社.49—55,150—153
普春霞,周浙昆,罗艳,2002.中国栎属(壳斗科)基于叶表皮及叶结构特征的分支分析.云南植物研究,24(6):689—698
潘开玉,路安民,温洁,1990.金缕梅科(广义)叶表皮特征.植物分类学报,28(1):10—26
CenozoicplantsfromChinaWritingGroupofInstituteofBotany,NanjingInstituteofGeologyandPalaeontology,AcademiaSinica,1978.FossilPlantsofChina,CenozoicPlantsfromChina(inChinese),3.Beijing:SciencePress.48—57
DelectisFloraeReipublicaePopularisSinicaAgendaeAcademiaeSinicaeEdita,1998.FloraReipublicaePopularisSinicae(inChinese),Tomus22.Beijing:SciencePress.240—249
DelectisFloraeReipublicaePopularisSinicaAgendaeAcademiaeSinicaeEdita,1979.FloraReipublicaePopularisSinicae(inChinese),Tomus21.Beijing:SciencePress.58—89
DILCHERDL,1974.Thebotanicalreview(InterpretingBotanicalProgress).Thenewyorkbotanicalgarden,40(1):1—141
EditorGroupofYunnan’sVegetation,1987.VegetationofYunnan(inChinese).Beiing:SciencePress.361—381
GEHongru,LIDaiyun,1999.CenozoiccoalbearingbasinsandcoalformingregularityinWestYunnan.Kunming:YunnanScienceandTechnologyPress.20—21,85
HEERO,1855—1859.FloraTertiariaHelvetiae,Winterthur.J.Wurster&Co.,Vol.3:1—117
HEJinsheng,CHENWeilie,WANGJinting,1995.Thesclerophyllousevergreenbroad—leavedforestswithspecialreferencestotheupliftofQinghai—Xizang(Tibetan)plateau.AdvancesinBiodiversityResearch———ProceedingsoftheFirstNationalSymposiumontheConservationandSustainableUseofBiodiversity.Beijing:ChineseScience&TechnologyPress.303—317
HEJinsheng,CHENWeilie,WANGXunling,1994.MorphologicalandAnatomicalfeaturesofQuercussectionSuberanditsadaptationtotheecologicalenvironment.ActaPhytoecologicaSinica,18(3):219—227
JIANGZeping,1993.ChineseOaksintheTertiary.ActaBotanicaSinica,35(5):397—408
KERPH,1990.Thestudyoffossilgymnospermsbymeansofcuticularanalysis.Palaios,5:548—569
LIHaomin,GUOShuangxing,1976.TheMiocenefloraNamlingofXizang.ActaPalaeontologicaSinica,15(1):7—17
LUOYan,ZHOUZhekun,2001.LeafepidermisofQuercussubgen.Cyclobalanopsis(Oerst.)Schneid.(Fagaceae).ActaPhytotaxonomicaSinica,39(6):489—501
LUOYan,ZHOUZhekun,2001.PhytogeographyofQuercussubg.Cyclobalanopsis.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,23(1):1—16
MCELWAINJC,1996.TheFossilCuticleasaSkeletalRecordofEnvironmentalChanges.Palaios,11:376—388
MOSBRUGGERV,1999.Thenearestlivingrelativemethod.In:JonesYP,RoweNP(eds.).FossilPlantsandSpores:Moderntechniques.261—265
PANKaiyu,LUAnming,WENJie,1990.CharactersofleafepidermisinHamamelidaceae(S.L.).ActaPhytotaxonomicaSinica,28(1):10—26
PUChunxia,ZHOUZhekun,LUOYan,2002.ACladisticAnalysisofQuercus(Fagaceae)inChinaBasedinLeafEpidermisandArchitecture.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,24(6):689—698
SONGZhenya,BEIFeng,GAOLing,1999.EvaluationandcharacteristicsofhydrocarbonformationGeochemistryinTertiaryofBaoshanBasin,YunnanProvince.MineralPetrol.,19(3):23—29
SUNBainian,CONGPeiyun,YANDefei,etal.,2003.CuticularstructureoftwoangiospermfossilsinNeogenefromTengchong,YunnanProvinceanditspalaeoenvironmentalsignificance.ActaPalaeontologicaSinica,42(2):216—222
SUNBainian,YANDefei,XIESanping,etal.,2004.PalaeogenefossilPopulusleavesfromLanzhouBasinandtheirpalaeoclimaticsignificance.ChineseScienceBulletin,49(14):1494—1501
SUNHang,2002.TethysRetreatandHimalayas—HengduanshanMountainsUpliftandTheirSignificanceontheOriginandDevelopmentoftheSino—HimalayanElementsandAlpineFlora.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,24(3):273—288
TAOJunrong,KONGZhaochen,1973.ThefossilandsporopollenassemblageoftheShangyicoalseriesofErhyuan,Yunnan.ActaBotanicaSinica,15(1):120—126
TAOJunrong,ZHOUZhekun,LIUYusheng,2000.TheEvolutionoftheLateCretaceous—CenozoicFlorasinChina.Beijing:SciencePress.150—153
TheEditorialBoardofChineseVegetation,1980.VegetationofChina(inChinese).Beijing:SciencePress.356—363
WANGYufei,TAOJunrong,1991.Anintroductiontoanewsystemofterminologyforplantcuticularanalysis.ChineseBulletinofBotany,8(4):6—13
WUZhaolu,DANGChenglin,HEZhaorongetal.,1994.ApreliminaryStudyonBiomassandnetPrimaryProductivityofQuercuspannosaForestinNorthwestYunnanProvince,China.JournalofYunnanUniversity,16(3):245—249
XUJingxian,WANGYufei,DUNaiqiu,2003.LatePlioceneVegetationandpalaeoclimateofYangyiandLonglingofwesternYunnanProvince.JournalofPalaeogeography,5(2):217—223
XURen,TAOJunrong,SUNXiangjun,1973.OnthediscoveryofaQuercussemicarpifoliabedinmountShihaPangmaanditssignificanceinbotanyandgeology.ActaBotanicaSinica,15(1):103—114
ZHOUZhekun,1992.ATaxonomicalRevisionoffossilEvergreenSclerophyllousOaksfromChina.ActaBotanicaSinica,34(12):954—961
ZHOUZhekun,1993.ThefossilhistoryofQuercus.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,15(1):21—33
ZHOUZhekun,1999.FossilsoftheFagaceaeandtheirimplicationsinsystematicsandbiogeography.ActaPhytotaxonomicaSinica,37(4):369—385
ZHOUZhekun,PUChunxia,CHENWenyun,2003.RelationshipsbetweenthedistributionsofQuercussectHeterobalanus(Fagaceae)andupliftofHimalayas.AdvanceinEarthSciences,18(6):884—890
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1998.中国植物志.第22卷,北京:科学出版社.240—249
中国科学院北京植物研究所,南京地质古生物研究所《中国新生代植物》编写组,1978.中国植物化石,中国新生代植物.第三册,北京:科学出版社.48—57
中国植被编委会,1980.中国植被.北京:科学出版社.356—363
云南植被编写组,1987.云南植被.北京:科学出版社.361—381
戈宏儒,李代芸,1999.云南西部新生代含煤盆地及聚煤规律.昆明:云南科技出版社.20—21,85
王宇飞,陶君容,1991.植物角质层分析术语新体系.植物学通报,8(4):6—13
孙柏年,丛培允,阎德飞等,2003.云南腾冲晚第三纪两种被子植物化石的角质层构造及其古环境意义.古生物学报,42(2):216—222
孙航,2002.古地中海退却与喜马拉雅—横断山的隆起在中国喜马拉雅成分及高山植物区系的形成与发展上的意义.云南植物研究,24(3):273—288
江泽平,1993.中国第三纪的栎类.植物学报,35(5):397—408
吴兆录,党承林,和兆荣等,1994.滇西北黄背栎林生物量和净第一性生产力的初步研究.云南大学学报(自然科学版),16(3):245—249
宋振亚,贝丰,高玲,1999.云南保山盆地第三系成烃地球化学特征及其评价.矿物岩石,19(3):23—29
李浩敏,郭双兴,1976.西藏南木林中新世植物群.古生物学报,15(1):7—17
周浙昆,1992.硬叶常绿高山栎类化石的分类学研究.植物学报,34(12):954—961
周浙昆,1993.栎属的历史植物地理学研究.云南植物研究,15(1):21—33
周浙昆,1999.壳斗科的地质历史及其系统学和植物地理学意义.植物分类学报,37(4):369—385
周浙昆,普春霞,陈文允,2003.青藏高原隆起和高山栎组(壳斗科)分布的关系.地球科学进展,18(6):884—890
罗艳,周浙昆,2001a.青冈亚属植物的地理分布.云南植物研究,23(1):2—10
罗艳,周浙昆,2001b.栎属青冈亚属(壳斗科)的叶表皮研究.植物分类学报,39(6):489—501
贺金生,陈伟烈,王金亭,1995.我国的硬叶常绿阔叶林及青藏高原的隆升对它们的影响.生物多样性研究进展———首届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会论文集,北京:中国科学技术出版社.303—317
贺金生,陈伟烈,王勋陵,1994.高山栎叶的形态结构及其与生态环境的关系.植物生态学报,18(3):219—227
徐仁,陶君容,孙湘君,1973.希夏邦马峰高山栎化石层的发现及在植物学和地质学上的意义.植物学报,15(1):103—114
徐景先,王宇飞,杜乃秋,2003.云南西部羊邑和龙陵地区晚上新世植被和古气候.古地理学报,5(2):217—223
陶君容,孔昭宸,1973.云南洱源三营煤系的植物化石群和孢粉组合.植物学报,15(1):120—126
陶君容,周浙昆,刘裕生,2000.中国晚白垩世至新生代植物区系发展演变.北京:科学出版社.49—55,150—153
普春霞,周浙昆,罗艳,2002.中国栎属(壳斗科)基于叶表皮及叶结构特征的分支分析.云南植物研究,24(6):689—698
潘开玉,路安民,温洁,1990.金缕梅科(广义)叶表皮特征.植物分类学报,28(1):10—26
CenozoicplantsfromChinaWritingGroupofInstituteofBotany,NanjingInstituteofGeologyandPalaeontology,AcademiaSinica,1978.FossilPlantsofChina,CenozoicPlantsfromChina(inChinese),3.Beijing:SciencePress.48—57
DelectisFloraeReipublicaePopularisSinicaAgendaeAcademiaeSinicaeEdita,1998.FloraReipublicaePopularisSinicae(inChinese),Tomus22.Beijing:SciencePress.240—249
DelectisFloraeReipublicaePopularisSinicaAgendaeAcademiaeSinicaeEdita,1979.FloraReipublicaePopularisSinicae(inChinese),Tomus21.Beijing:SciencePress.58—89
DILCHERDL,1974.Thebotanicalreview(InterpretingBotanicalProgress).Thenewyorkbotanicalgarden,40(1):1—141
EditorGroupofYunnan’sVegetation,1987.VegetationofYunnan(inChinese).Beiing:SciencePress.361—381
GEHongru,LIDaiyun,1999.CenozoiccoalbearingbasinsandcoalformingregularityinWestYunnan.Kunming:YunnanScienceandTechnologyPress.20—21,85
HEERO,1855—1859.FloraTertiariaHelvetiae,Winterthur.J.Wurster&Co.,Vol.3:1—117
HEJinsheng,CHENWeilie,WANGJinting,1995.Thesclerophyllousevergreenbroad—leavedforestswithspecialreferencestotheupliftofQinghai—Xizang(Tibetan)plateau.AdvancesinBiodiversityResearch———ProceedingsoftheFirstNationalSymposiumontheConservationandSustainableUseofBiodiversity.Beijing:ChineseScience&TechnologyPress.303—317
HEJinsheng,CHENWeilie,WANGXunling,1994.MorphologicalandAnatomicalfeaturesofQuercussectionSuberanditsadaptationtotheecologicalenvironment.ActaPhytoecologicaSinica,18(3):219—227
JIANGZeping,1993.ChineseOaksintheTertiary.ActaBotanicaSinica,35(5):397—408
KERPH,1990.Thestudyoffossilgymnospermsbymeansofcuticularanalysis.Palaios,5:548—569
LIHaomin,GUOShuangxing,1976.TheMiocenefloraNamlingofXizang.ActaPalaeontologicaSinica,15(1):7—17
LUOYan,ZHOUZhekun,2001.LeafepidermisofQuercussubgen.Cyclobalanopsis(Oerst.)Schneid.(Fagaceae).ActaPhytotaxonomicaSinica,39(6):489—501
LUOYan,ZHOUZhekun,2001.PhytogeographyofQuercussubg.Cyclobalanopsis.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,23(1):1—16
MCELWAINJC,1996.TheFossilCuticleasaSkeletalRecordofEnvironmentalChanges.Palaios,11:376—388
MOSBRUGGERV,1999.Thenearestlivingrelativemethod.In:JonesYP,RoweNP(eds.).FossilPlantsandSpores:Moderntechniques.261—265
PANKaiyu,LUAnming,WENJie,1990.CharactersofleafepidermisinHamamelidaceae(S.L.).ActaPhytotaxonomicaSinica,28(1):10—26
PUChunxia,ZHOUZhekun,LUOYan,2002.ACladisticAnalysisofQuercus(Fagaceae)inChinaBasedinLeafEpidermisandArchitecture.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,24(6):689—698
SONGZhenya,BEIFeng,GAOLing,1999.EvaluationandcharacteristicsofhydrocarbonformationGeochemistryinTertiaryofBaoshanBasin,YunnanProvince.MineralPetrol.,19(3):23—29
SUNBainian,CONGPeiyun,YANDefei,etal.,2003.CuticularstructureoftwoangiospermfossilsinNeogenefromTengchong,YunnanProvinceanditspalaeoenvironmentalsignificance.ActaPalaeontologicaSinica,42(2):216—222
SUNBainian,YANDefei,XIESanping,etal.,2004.PalaeogenefossilPopulusleavesfromLanzhouBasinandtheirpalaeoclimaticsignificance.ChineseScienceBulletin,49(14):1494—1501
SUNHang,2002.TethysRetreatandHimalayas—HengduanshanMountainsUpliftandTheirSignificanceontheOriginandDevelopmentoftheSino—HimalayanElementsandAlpineFlora.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,24(3):273—288
TAOJunrong,KONGZhaochen,1973.ThefossilandsporopollenassemblageoftheShangyicoalseriesofErhyuan,Yunnan.ActaBotanicaSinica,15(1):120—126
TAOJunrong,ZHOUZhekun,LIUYusheng,2000.TheEvolutionoftheLateCretaceous—CenozoicFlorasinChina.Beijing:SciencePress.150—153
TheEditorialBoardofChineseVegetation,1980.VegetationofChina(inChinese).Beijing:SciencePress.356—363
WANGYufei,TAOJunrong,1991.Anintroductiontoanewsystemofterminologyforplantcuticularanalysis.ChineseBulletinofBotany,8(4):6—13
WUZhaolu,DANGChenglin,HEZhaorongetal.,1994.ApreliminaryStudyonBiomassandnetPrimaryProductivityofQuercuspannosaForestinNorthwestYunnanProvince,China.JournalofYunnanUniversity,16(3):245—249
XUJingxian,WANGYufei,DUNaiqiu,2003.LatePlioceneVegetationandpalaeoclimateofYangyiandLonglingofwesternYunnanProvince.JournalofPalaeogeography,5(2):217—223
XURen,TAOJunrong,SUNXiangjun,1973.OnthediscoveryofaQuercussemicarpifoliabedinmountShihaPangmaanditssignificanceinbotanyandgeology.ActaBotanicaSinica,15(1):103—114
ZHOUZhekun,1992.ATaxonomicalRevisionoffossilEvergreenSclerophyllousOaksfromChina.ActaBotanicaSinica,34(12):954—961
ZHOUZhekun,1993.ThefossilhistoryofQuercus.ActaBotanicaYunnanica,15(1):21—33
ZHOUZhekun,1999.FossilsoftheFagaceaeandtheirimplicationsinsystematicsandbiogeography.ActaPhytotaxonomicaSinica,37(4):369—385
ZHOUZhekun,PUChunxia,CHENWenyun,2003.RelationshipsbetweenthedistributionsofQuercussectHeterobalanus(Fagaceae)andupliftofHimalayas.AdvanceinEarthSciences,18(6):884—890
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