浙江省不同产地和品种杨梅果实重金属污染的风险评价
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摘要
调查了浙江省不同产地和不同品种杨梅果实重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)的含量,并采用国家标准《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2005)对检验结果进行评价。结果表明,所有杨梅果实样品污染因子的质量分指数均小于1.0,铅、汞、砷、镉、铜的含量低于食品中污染物限量标准,果实可以安全食用。杨梅果实中5种重金属元素的质量分指数大小次序为铅>汞>砷>镉>铜,铅污染相对较重,铜污染较轻。不同杨梅品种果实中普遍存在镉、铅、砷和铜4种重金属元素。不同产地杨梅果实样品中的重金属含量有一定差异,与当地土壤中的重金属含量、生产的化工产品、施用的肥料农药有一定关系;同一产地不同品种杨梅对不同重金属元素具有不同的富集能力,对同种重金属的吸收富集能力也存在着较大的差异。
Heavy metals of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu),mercury(Hg) and arsenic(As) in Myrica rubra samples of different producing areas and varieties in Zhejiang Province were investigated,and the inspection result was appraised by adopting national standard "Maximum levels of contaminants in foods"(GB2762-2005).The result showed as follows:the quality sub-index of pollution factors in all samples of red bayberry fruit were less than 1.0,and the contents of lead,cadmium,copper,mercury and arsenic in fruits were lower than limiting standard(GB2762-2005),so these fruits could be edible.Refered to the limited standard,the quality sub-indexes of 5 heavy metals in fruits ranked in order of Pb>Hg>As>Cd>Cu.The lead contamination was relatively heavy,while copper contamination was light.Four kinds of heavy metals such as cadmium,lead,arsenic and copper existed in red bayberry fruits of different varieties.The contents of heavy metals were different in red bayberry fruits from different areas,and it had a certain relationship with the contents of soil heavy metal,the chemical products,the fertilizers and pesticides and so on.The enrichment capacities of different red bayberry varieties from the same place had obvious difference for different heavy metals and the same kind of heavy metal.
Heavy metals of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),copper(Cu),mercury(Hg) and arsenic(As) in Myrica rubra samples of different producing areas and varieties in Zhejiang Province were investigated,and the inspection result was appraised by adopting national standard "Maximum levels of contaminants in foods"(GB2762-2005).The result showed as follows:the quality sub-index of pollution factors in all samples of red bayberry fruit were less than 1.0,and the contents of lead,cadmium,copper,mercury and arsenic in fruits were lower than limiting standard(GB2762-2005),so these fruits could be edible.Refered to the limited standard,the quality sub-indexes of 5 heavy metals in fruits ranked in order of Pb>Hg>As>Cd>Cu.The lead contamination was relatively heavy,while copper contamination was light.Four kinds of heavy metals such as cadmium,lead,arsenic and copper existed in red bayberry fruits of different varieties.The contents of heavy metals were different in red bayberry fruits from different areas,and it had a certain relationship with the contents of soil heavy metal,the chemical products,the fertilizers and pesticides and so on.The enrichment capacities of different red bayberry varieties from the same place had obvious difference for different heavy metals and the same kind of heavy metal.
引文
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[6]张林森,梁俊,武春林,等.陕西苹果园土壤重金属含量水平及其评价[J].果树学报,2004,21(2):103-105.
[7]王白坡,程晓建,符庆功,等.浙江省杨梅产地环境条件评价及无公害生产关键措施[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(5):550-554.
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[12]姜培坤,徐秋芳,罗煦钦,等.雷竹笋重金属含量及其与施肥的关系[J].浙江林学院学报,21(4):424-427.
[13]龚子同,陈鸿昭,骆国保.人为作用对土壤环境质量的影响及对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):7-10.
[14]黄雅曦,李季,李国学,等.施用污泥堆肥对土壤和生菜重金属积累特性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2005(6):15-18.
[15]谭晓冬,董文光.商品有机肥中重金属含量状况调查[J].环境管理,2006(1):50-51.
[16]王起超,麻壮伟.某些市售化肥的重金属含量水平及环境风险[J].农村生态环境,2004,20(2):62-64.
[17]张虹,郭俊明,袁盛勇,等.果树对重金属吸收能力的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2008(4):276-277;294.
[18]黄昀,刘光德,李其林,等.农产品对土壤中重金属的富集能力研究[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(4):285-289.
[19]黄昀,李道高,赵中金,等.丘陵紫色土不同柑桔品种对土壤重金属富集特征研究[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(5):1-4.
[2]刘君璞,章力建,曹尚银,等.我国果树生产中的立体污染[J].果树学报,2006,23(1):85-90.
[3]聂继云,董雅风.果园重金属污染的危害与防治[J].中国果树,2002(1):44-47.
[4]聂继云,丛佩华,李明强,等.苹果果实主要有害元素污染调查[J].中国果树,2004(6):41-43.
[5]程晓建,王白坡,符庆功,等.浙江省杨梅果实重金属含量水平及其评价[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(1):50-54.
[6]张林森,梁俊,武春林,等.陕西苹果园土壤重金属含量水平及其评价[J].果树学报,2004,21(2):103-105.
[7]王白坡,程晓建,符庆功,等.浙江省杨梅产地环境条件评价及无公害生产关键措施[J].浙江林学院学报,2007,24(5):550-554.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品卫生检验方法(GB/T5009-2003)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[9]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品中污染物限量(GB 2762-2005)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[10]何新华,陈力耕,何冰,等.铅对杨梅幼苗生长的影响[J].果树学报,2004,21(1):29-32.
[11]孙健,铁柏清,秦普丰,等.铅锌矿区土壤和植物重金属污染调查分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006(2):65-69.
[12]姜培坤,徐秋芳,罗煦钦,等.雷竹笋重金属含量及其与施肥的关系[J].浙江林学院学报,21(4):424-427.
[13]龚子同,陈鸿昭,骆国保.人为作用对土壤环境质量的影响及对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):7-10.
[14]黄雅曦,李季,李国学,等.施用污泥堆肥对土壤和生菜重金属积累特性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2005(6):15-18.
[15]谭晓冬,董文光.商品有机肥中重金属含量状况调查[J].环境管理,2006(1):50-51.
[16]王起超,麻壮伟.某些市售化肥的重金属含量水平及环境风险[J].农村生态环境,2004,20(2):62-64.
[17]张虹,郭俊明,袁盛勇,等.果树对重金属吸收能力的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2008(4):276-277;294.
[18]黄昀,刘光德,李其林,等.农产品对土壤中重金属的富集能力研究[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(4):285-289.
[19]黄昀,李道高,赵中金,等.丘陵紫色土不同柑桔品种对土壤重金属富集特征研究[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(5):1-4.
目录