安徽马鞍山市辖区实现血吸虫病传播阻断目标风险评估
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摘要
目的分析安徽马鞍山市辖区近年来血吸虫病疫情变化趋势,评估到2015年实现血吸虫病传播阻断目标风险。方法 2009~2013年期间、通过免疫学和病原学相结合的方法开展人畜病情监测;采用系统抽样结合环境抽查法开展螺情监测;同时,通过人畜化疗和钉螺控制措施开展血吸虫病防控工作。结果 2009~2013年,人群治疗及扩大化疗2 060人次,采用IHA法共筛查20 622人次,血检阳性率平均为3.75%,处于徘徊稳定状态;kato法粪检查病1 526人次,均未查出阳性。5年间家畜扩大化疗279头次,家畜查病231头次,均未查出阳性。2009~2013年,开展药物灭螺611.3 hm~2,环境改造灭螺10.7 hm~2,开展螺情监测3 152 hm~2,均未查获感染性钉螺;活螺密度从2009年0.205只/0.11m~2下降到2013年的0.0075只/0.11m~2,呈现逐年下降趋势,有螺面积比2009年下降44.1%。结论 2009年以来,马鞍山市辖区血吸虫病疫情呈现稳中有降的趋势,5年间均未查出病人、病畜和感染性钉螺,活螺密度和有螺面积逐年下降,距离血吸虫病传播阻断目标差距逐渐缩小。目前主要障碍仍然是辖区尚有较大面积的钉螺分布环境。
Objective To analyze the situation of schistosomiasis in recent years,and assess the risk of the achievment of schistosomiasis interruption in the district of Ma'anshan City in 2015.Methods From2009 to 2013,the prevalence of people and livestock was monitored by the combination of the immunological and etiological methods.The snails were surveyed by systematic and environmental sampling methods.Meanwhile,schistosomiasis control measures were carried out through human and livestock chemotherapy and snail control.Results From 2009 to 2013,2 060 people were treated and received expanded chemotherapy.20 622 people were screened by IHA with the average positive rate of 3.75%,which wandered in the steady state.1526 people were examined by Kato-Katz with no positive.279 livestock were expanded treated,231were tested witj no positive in the 5 years.The area of snail control by niolluscicides was 611.3 hm~2,and environmental modification was implemented in an area of 10.7 hm~2.The snail distribution was surveyed in an area of 3 152 hm~2,and no infected snail was found.The density of living snails decreased from 0.205/0.11m~2in 2009 to 0.007 5/0.11m~2 in 2013,and the snail area in 2013 declined 44.1%than that in 2009.Conclusion The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the district of Ma'anshan city declined gradually since 2009.No patient,no infected livestock and no infected snails were found in the 5 years.The density of snails and the area of living snails decreased year by year,and the gap to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis interruption was gradually narrowing.At present,the main obstacle was the large area of snails in the district.
Objective To analyze the situation of schistosomiasis in recent years,and assess the risk of the achievment of schistosomiasis interruption in the district of Ma'anshan City in 2015.Methods From2009 to 2013,the prevalence of people and livestock was monitored by the combination of the immunological and etiological methods.The snails were surveyed by systematic and environmental sampling methods.Meanwhile,schistosomiasis control measures were carried out through human and livestock chemotherapy and snail control.Results From 2009 to 2013,2 060 people were treated and received expanded chemotherapy.20 622 people were screened by IHA with the average positive rate of 3.75%,which wandered in the steady state.1526 people were examined by Kato-Katz with no positive.279 livestock were expanded treated,231were tested witj no positive in the 5 years.The area of snail control by niolluscicides was 611.3 hm~2,and environmental modification was implemented in an area of 10.7 hm~2.The snail distribution was surveyed in an area of 3 152 hm~2,and no infected snail was found.The density of living snails decreased from 0.205/0.11m~2in 2009 to 0.007 5/0.11m~2 in 2013,and the snail area in 2013 declined 44.1%than that in 2009.Conclusion The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the district of Ma'anshan city declined gradually since 2009.No patient,no infected livestock and no infected snails were found in the 5 years.The density of snails and the area of living snails decreased year by year,and the gap to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis interruption was gradually narrowing.At present,the main obstacle was the large area of snails in the district.
引文
1卫生部.发展改革委,财政部,等.国务院办公厅关于印发卫生部等部门《全国预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划纲要(2004-2015年)》的通知/卫生部疾病预防控制局.防治血吸虫病、寄生虫病文献选编.2008:48-53.
2林丹丹.吴晓华.朱蓉,等.全国血吸虫病疫情资料回顾性调查传播阻断县达标前后疫情变化分析.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011.23(2):114-120.
3何家昶,高风华,李婷婷,等.2008~2010年安徽省规划达标地区血吸虫病疫情分析.热带病与寄生虫学,2012,10(1):1-4.21.
4中华人民共和国卫生部.GB15976-2006血吸虫病控制和消灭标准.北京:中国标准出版社.2007:1-6.
5周晓农,许静.林丹丹.等.血吸虫病防治标准修订在推进我国消除血吸虫病规划中的作用.中国血吸虫病防治杂志.2013,23(3):249-252.
6何家昶,张功华,汪昊.等.2008年安徽省血吸虫病传播控制与传播阻断达标地区疫情评估.热带病与寄生虫学,2010.8(1):75-77.
7何家昶.高风华,刘道华.等.安徽省规划达标地区重点流行村血吸虫病疫情风险评估.热带病与寄生虫学,2012,10(4):196-199.
8周晓农.汪天平,王立英,等.中国血吸虫病流行现状分析.中华流行病学杂志,2004.25(7):555-558.
9周晓农,姜庆五,郭家钢,等.我国血吸虫病传播阻断实现路径的探讨.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012.24(1):1-4.
10孙乐平,田增喜,杨坤.等.江苏省14个县(市、区)达到血吸虫病传播控制标准的效果评价.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012.24(1):26-31.
11何家昶,汗天平.张世清,等.安徽省预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划中期效果评估.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011.23(3):249-252.
2林丹丹.吴晓华.朱蓉,等.全国血吸虫病疫情资料回顾性调查传播阻断县达标前后疫情变化分析.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011.23(2):114-120.
3何家昶,高风华,李婷婷,等.2008~2010年安徽省规划达标地区血吸虫病疫情分析.热带病与寄生虫学,2012,10(1):1-4.21.
4中华人民共和国卫生部.GB15976-2006血吸虫病控制和消灭标准.北京:中国标准出版社.2007:1-6.
5周晓农,许静.林丹丹.等.血吸虫病防治标准修订在推进我国消除血吸虫病规划中的作用.中国血吸虫病防治杂志.2013,23(3):249-252.
6何家昶,张功华,汪昊.等.2008年安徽省血吸虫病传播控制与传播阻断达标地区疫情评估.热带病与寄生虫学,2010.8(1):75-77.
7何家昶.高风华,刘道华.等.安徽省规划达标地区重点流行村血吸虫病疫情风险评估.热带病与寄生虫学,2012,10(4):196-199.
8周晓农.汪天平,王立英,等.中国血吸虫病流行现状分析.中华流行病学杂志,2004.25(7):555-558.
9周晓农,姜庆五,郭家钢,等.我国血吸虫病传播阻断实现路径的探讨.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012.24(1):1-4.
10孙乐平,田增喜,杨坤.等.江苏省14个县(市、区)达到血吸虫病传播控制标准的效果评价.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2012.24(1):26-31.
11何家昶,汗天平.张世清,等.安徽省预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划中期效果评估.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2011.23(3):249-252.
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