Cold start control strategies of an AADI diesel-fuelled engine were evaluated.
An ignition timing of 30–40°CA bTDC with late injection ensured a rapid cold start.
Saturated ignition energy favoured cold start performances with a high engine speed.
A fuel enrichment factor of 2.0–2.5 at 9 °C resulted in the lowest HC emissions.
Moderately advancing the injection timing accelerated the warm-up process.