Identification, Design and Biological Evaluation of Bisaryl Quinolones Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Type II NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase (PfNDH2)

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• 作者：Chandrakala Pidathala ; Richard Amewu ; B茅n茅dicte Pacorel ; Gemma L. Nixon ; Peter Gibbons ; W. David Hong ; Suet C. Leung ; Neil G. Berry ; Raman Sharma ; Paul A. Stocks ; Abhishek Srivastava ; Alison E. Shone ; Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul ; Lee Taylor ; Olivier Berger ; Alison Mbekeani ; Alasdair Hill ; Nicholas E. Fisher ; Ashley J. Warman ; Giancarlo A. Biagini ; Stephen A. Ward ; Paul M. O鈥橬eill
• 刊名：Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：March 8, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：55
• 期：5
• 页码：1831-1843
• 全文大小：630K
• 年卷期：v.55,no.5(March 8, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-4804

文摘

A program was undertaken to identify hit compounds against NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2), a dehydrogenase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. PfNDH2 has only one known inhibitor, hydroxy-2-dodecyl-4-(1H)-quinolone (HDQ), and this was used along with a range of chemoinformatics methods in the rational selection of 17鈥?00 compounds for high-throughput screening. Twelve distinct chemotypes were identified and briefly examined leading to the selection of the quinolone core as the key target for structure鈥揳ctivity relationship (SAR) development. Extensive structural exploration led to the selection of 2-bisaryl 3-methyl quinolones as a series for further biological evaluation. The lead compound within this series 7-chloro-3-methyl-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl)phenyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one (CK-2-68) has antimalarial activity against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum of 36 nM, is selective for PfNDH2 over other respiratory enzymes (inhibitory IC₅₀ against PfNDH2 of 16 nM), and demonstrates low cytotoxicity and high metabolic stability in the presence of human liver microsomes. This lead compound and its phosphate pro-drug have potent in vivo antimalarial activity after oral administration, consistent with the target product profile of a drug for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Other quinolones presented (e.g., 6d, 6f, 14e) have the capacity to inhibit both PfNDH2 and P. falciparum cytochrome bc₁, and studies to determine the potential advantage of this dual-targeting effect are in progress.