Graphene Oxide as a High-Performance Fluid-Loss-Control Additive in Water-Based Drilling Fluids
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- 作者：Dmitry V. Kosynkin ; Gabriel Ceriotti ; Kurt C. Wilson ; Jay R. Lomeda ; Jason T. Scorsone ; Arvind D. Patel ; James E. Friedheim ; James M. Tour
- 刊名：ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- 出版年：2012
- 出版时间：January 25, 2012
- 年：2012
- 卷：4
- 期：1
- 页码：222-227
- 全文大小：296K
- 年卷期：v.4,no.1(January 25, 2012)
- ISSN：1944-8252
文摘
Graphene oxide (GO) performs well as a filtration additive in water-based drilling fluids at concentrations as low as 0.2 % (w/w) by carbon content. Standard American Petroleum Institute (API) filtration tests were conducted on pH-adjusted, aqueous dispersions of GO and xanthan gum. It was found that a combination of large-flake GO and powdered GO in a 3:1 ratio performed best in the API tests, allowing an average fluid loss of 6.1 mL over 30 min and leaving a filter cake 20 渭m thick. In comparison, a standard suspension (12 g/L) of clays and polymers used in the oil industry gave an average fluid loss of 7.2 mL and a filter cake 280 渭m thick. Scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed the extreme pliability of well-exfoliated GO, as the pressure due to filtration crumpled single GO sheets, forcing them to slide through pores with diameters much smaller than the flake鈥檚 flattened size. GO solutions also exhibited greater shear thinning and higher temperature stability compared to clay-based fluid-loss additives, demonstrating potential for high-temperature well applications.