Do Temporal and Geographical Patterns of HBCD and PBDE Flame Retardants in U.S. Fish Reflect Evolving Industrial Usage?

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• 作者：Da Chen ; Mark J. La Guardia ; Drew R. Luellen ; Ellen Harvey ; T. Matteson Mainor ; Robert C. Hale
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：October 1, 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：45
• 期：19
• 页码：8254-8261
• 全文大小：877K
• 年卷期：v.45,no.19(October 1, 2011)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are common flame retardants in polymers and textiles. Recognition of the persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of PBDEs has prompted reductions in their use. In contrast, HBCD has received less scrutiny. The U.S has historically been a dominant BFR consumer. However, the few publications on HBCD in wildlife here suggest modest levels compared to Asian and European studies. In contrast, the HBCD concentrations we detected in U.S. fish are among the highest reported in the world. The temporal trends observed suggest that HBCD use may have risen, and that of Penta-BDE declined, following the 2004 termination of its U.S. manufacture. For example, Hyco River carp collected in 1999鈥?002 exhibited a mean 鈭慔BCD (sum of 伪-, 尾- and 纬-HBCD) concentration of only 13 ng/g (lipid weight basis), but was 4640 ng/g in fish collected in 2006鈥?007. In contrast, the mean 鈭慞BDE level in these same fish decreased from 40,700 ng/g in 1999鈥?002 to 9140 ng/g in 2006鈥?007. Concentrations of HBCD and PBDEs in several Hyco River fish species exceeded those from rivers less influenced by manufacturing outfalls. Results support the contention that textile-related production, relative to its BFR market share, may release disproportionately large amounts of HBCD to the environment.