The Fur apoprotein has been purified and reconstituted with Co
2+ and Mn
2+ ions. These sampleshave been analyzed by UV-visible, EPR, and
1H NMR spectroscopies, by XAS, and by magnetizationmeasurements. The apo-Fur protein is able to bind one metal dication (Co
2+ or Mn
2+) per monomer. Asaturation magnetization study confirms the presence of a high-spin metal dication [Mn(II)
S =
5/
2 andCo(II)
S = 3/2]. The two metal ions per Fur dimer are not in magnetic interaction (
J < 0.1 cm
-1 ). TheUV-visible spectrum of the cobalt-substituted form (Co-Fur) presents two main bands at 660 nm and540(br) nm with
DER=0 >
540 nm = 65 M
-1 cm
-1. The EPR spectrum gives the following
g values:
gx = 5.0(5),
gy = 4.0(2), and
gz = 2.3(1), which are in accordance with a nearly axial (
E/
D < 0.11) site. The valueof 55 cm
-1 for the splitting (
) between the ground and the first excited state has been
derived from anEPR saturation study and is in agreement with magnetization data. The EXAFS data of Co-Fur indicatea metal environment comprising five nitrogen/oxygen atoms at 2.11 Å, the absence of sulfur, and thepresence of histidines as ligands.
1H NMR of Co-Fur in H
2O and D
2O shows at least two exchangeablesignals coming from histidine NH protons and shows the signature of carboxylate group(s). The combinedspectroscopic data allow us to propose that the main metal site of Fur in Co-Fur contains at least twohistidines, at least one aspartate or glutamate, and no cysteine as ligands and is in an axially distortedoctahedral environment.