Facet Energy and Reactivity versus Cytotoxicity: The Surprising Behavior of CdS Nanorods

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• 作者：Lu Liu ; Meiqing Sun ; Haijun Zhang ; Qilin Yu ; Mingchun Li ; Yu Qi ; Chengdong Zhang ; Guandao Gao ; Yingjin Yuan ; Huanhuan Zhai ; Wei Chen ; Pedro J. J. Alvarez
• 刊名：Nano Letters
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 13, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：16
• 期：1
• 页码：688-694
• 全文大小：433K
• ISSN：1530-6992

文摘

Responsible development of nanotechnology calls for improved understanding of how nanomaterial surface energy and reactivity affect potential toxicity. Here, we challenge the paradigm that cytotoxicity increases with nanoparticle reactivity. Higher-surface-energy {001}-faceted CdS nanorods (CdS-H) were less toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae than lower-energy ({101}-faceted) nanorods (CdS-L) of similar morphology, aggregate size, and charge. CdS-H adsorbed to the yeast’s cell wall to a greater extent than CdS-L, which decreased endocytosis and cytotoxicity. Higher uptake of CdS-L decreased cell viability and increased endoplasmatic reticulum stress despite lower release of toxic Cd²⁺ ions. Higher toxicity of CdS-L was confirmed with five different unicellular microorganisms. Overall, higher-energy nanocrystals may exhibit greater propensity to adsorb to or react with biological protective barriers and/or background constituents, which passivates their reactivity and reduces their bioavailability and cytotoxicity.