Association of Cardiopulmonary Health Effects with Source-Appointed Ambient Fine Particulate in Beijing, China: A Combined Analysis from the Healthy Volunteer Natural Relocation (HVNR) Study

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• 作者：Shaowei Wu ; Furong Deng ; Hongying Wei ; Jing Huang ; Xin Wang ; Yu Hao ; Chanjuan Zheng ; Yu Qin ; Haibo Lv ; Masayuki Shima ; Xinbiao Guo
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2014
• 出版时间：March 18, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：48
• 期：6
• 页码：3438-3448
• 全文大小：560K
• 年卷期：v.48,no.6(March 18, 2014)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Previous studies have associated ambient particulate chemical constituents with adverse cardiopulmonary health effects. However, specific pollution sources behind the cardiopulmonary health effects of ambient particles are uncertain. We examined the cardiopulmonary health effects of fine particles (PM_2.5) from different pollution sources in Beijing, China, among a panel of 40 healthy university students. Study subjects were repeatedly examined for a series of cardiopulmonary health indicators during three 2-month-long study periods (suburban period, urban period 1, and urban period 2) in 2010鈥?011 before and after relocating from a suburban campus to an urban campus with changing air pollution levels and contents. Daily ambient PM_2.5 mass samples were collected over the study and measured for 29 chemical constituents in the laboratory. Source appointment for ambient PM_2.5 was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization, and mixed-effects models were used to estimate the cardiopulmonary effects associated with source-specific PM_2.5 concentrations. Seven PM_2.5 sources were identified as traffic emissions (12.0%), coal combustion (22.0%), secondary sulfate/nitrate (30.2%), metallurgical emission (0.4%), dust/soil (12.4%), industry (6.9%), and secondary organic aerosol (9.9%). Ambient PM_2.5 in the suburban campus had larger contributions from secondary sulfate/nitrate (41.8% vs. 22.9%鈥?6.0%) and metallurgical emission (0.7% vs. 0.3%) as compared to that in the urban campus), whereas PM_2.5 in the urban campus had larger contributions from traffic emissions (13.0%鈥?6.3% vs. 5.1%), coal combustion (21.0%鈥?0.7% vs. 10.7%), and secondary organic aerosol (9.7%鈥?2.0% vs. 8.7%) as compared to that in the suburban campus. Potential key sources were identified for PM_2.5 effects on inflammatory biomarkers (secondary sulfate/nitrate and dust/soil), blood pressure (coal combustion and metallurgical emission), and pulmonary function (dust/soil and industry). Analyses using another source appointment tool Unmix yielded a similar pattern of source contributions and associated health effects. In conclusion, ambient PM_2.5 in Beijing suburban and urban areas has two distinct patterns of source contributions, and PM_2.5 from different sources may play important roles on different aspects of PM_2.5-related cardiopulmonary health effects.