Nanostructured Few-Layer Graphene with Superior Optical Limiting Properties Fabricated by a Catalytic Steam Etching Process

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• 作者：Zhenyu Sun ; Ningning Dong ; Kunpeng Xie ; Wei Xia ; Dennis K枚nig ; Tharamani Chikka Nagaiah ; Miguel D. S谩nchez ; Petra Ebbinghaus ; Andreas Erbe ; Xiaoyan Zhang ; Alfred Ludwig ; Wolfgang Schuhmann ; Jun Wang ; Martin Muhler
• 刊名：The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：June 6, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：117
• 期：22
• 页码：11811-11817
• 全文大小：373K
• 年卷期：v.117,no.22(June 6, 2013)
• ISSN：1932-7455

文摘

Tailoring the morphology and structure of graphene can result in novel properties for advanced applications. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of nanostructured few-layer graphene through a mild etching process via catalytic steam gasification of carbon by Fe nanoparticles (NPs). Controlling the reaction temperature, steam concentration, and the loading density of the NPs enables the fine-tuning of the etching level of graphene. Well-defined nanotrenches with a width of less than 25 nm were formed by channeling of the catalytic NPs. Etching caves and quasi-semicircular etched edges were observed as well. The nonlinear optical properties of the resulting nanostructured graphene were studied under a 532 nm nanosecond pulse laser through an open-aperture apparatus. At the same level of the linear extinction coefficient, it exhibits superior optical limiting performance in comparison with pristine graphene and C₆₀, showing a large potential in nanophotonic devices. This enhancement is ascribed to the defects formed by etching resulting in a finite band gap in nanostructured graphene.