Graphene Oxide Enhances Cellular Delivery of Hydrophilic Small Molecules by Co-incubation
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- 作者：Andy H. Hung ; Robert J. Holbrook ; Matthew W. Rotz ; Cameron J. Glasscock ; Nikhita D. Mansukhani ; Keith W. MacRenaris ; Lisa M. Manus ; Matthew C. Duch ; Kevin T. Dam ; Mark C. Hersam ; Thomas J. Meade
- 刊名：ACS Nano
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：October 28, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：8
- 期：10
- 页码：10168-10177
- 全文大小：606K
- ISSN：1936-086X
文摘
The delivery of bioactive molecules into cells has broad applications in biology and medicine. Polymer-modified graphene oxide (GO) has recently emerged as a de facto noncovalent vehicle for hydrophobic drugs. Here, we investigate a different approach using native GO to deliver hydrophilic molecules by co-incubation in culture. GO adsorption and delivery were systematically studied with a library of 15 molecules synthesized with Gd(III) labels to enable quantitation. Amines were revealed to be a key chemical group for adsorption, while delivery was shown to be quantitatively predictable by molecular adsorption, GO sedimentation, and GO size. GO co-incubation was shown to enhance delivery by up to 13-fold and allowed for a 100-fold increase in molecular incubation concentration compared to the alternative of nanoconjugation. When tested in the application of Gd(III) cellular MRI, these advantages led to a nearly 10-fold improvement in sensitivity over the state-of-the-art. GO co-incubation is an effective method of cellular delivery that is easily adoptable by researchers across all fields.