Integrating Life-cycle Environmental and Economic Assessment with Transportation and Land Use Planning

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• 作者：Mikhail V. Chester ; Matthew J. Nahlik ; Andrew M. Fraser ; Mindy A. Kimball ; Venu M. Garikapati
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：November 5, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：47
• 期：21
• 页码：12020-12028
• 全文大小：407K
• 年卷期：v.47,no.21(November 5, 2013)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

The environmental outcomes of urban form changes should couple life-cycle and behavioral assessment methods to better understand urban sustainability policy outcomes. Using Phoenix, Arizona light rail as a case study, an integrated transportation and land use life-cycle assessment (ITLU-LCA) framework is developed to assess the changes to energy consumption and air emissions from transit-oriented neighborhood designs. Residential travel, commercial travel, and building energy use are included and the framework integrates household behavior change assessment to explore the environmental and economic outcomes of policies that affect infrastructure. The results show that upfront environmental and economic investments are needed (through more energy-intense building materials for high-density structures) to produce long run benefits in reduced building energy use and automobile travel. The annualized life-cycle benefits of transit-oriented developments in Phoenix can range from 1.7 to 230 Gg CO₂e depending on the aggressiveness of residential density. Midpoint impact stressors for respiratory effects and photochemical smog formation are also assessed and can be reduced by 1.2鈥?70 Mg PM₁₀e and 41鈥?200 Mg O₃e annually. These benefits will come at an additional construction cost of up to $410 million resulting in a cost of avoided CO₂e at $16鈥?9 and household cost savings.