High Percentage Inorganic Arsenic Content of Mining Impacted and Nonimpacted Chinese Rice

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• 作者：Y.-G. Zhu ; G.-X. Sun ; M. Lei ; M. Teng ; Y.-X. Liu ; N.-C. Chen ; L.-H. Wang ; A. M. Carey ; C. Deacon ; A. Raab ; A. A. Meharg ; P. N. Williams
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2008
• 出版时间：July 1, 2008
• 年：2008
• 卷：42
• 期：13
• 页码：5008 - 5013
• 全文大小：106K
• 年卷期：v.42,no.13(July 1, 2008)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Two approaches were undertaken to characterize the arsenic (As) content of Chinese rice. First, a national market basket survey (n = 240) was conducted in provincial capitals, sourcing grain from China’s premier rice production areas. Second, to reflect rural diets, paddy rice (n = 195) directly from farmers fields were collected from three regions in Hunan, a key rice producing province located in southern China. Two of the sites were within mining and smeltery districts, and the third was devoid of large-scale metal processing industries. Arsenic levels were determined in all the samples while a subset (n = 33) were characterized for As species, using a new simple and rapid extraction method suitable for use with Hamilton PRP-X100 anion exchange columns and HPLC-ICP-MS. The vast majority (85%) of the market rice grains possessed total As levels < 150 ng g⁻¹. The rice collected from mine-impacted regions, however, were found to be highly enriched in As, reaching concentrations of up to 624 ng g⁻¹. Inorganic As (As_i) was the predominant species detected in all of the speciated grain, with As_i levels in some samples exceeding 300 ng g⁻¹. The As_i concentration in polished and unpolished Chinese rice was successfully predicted from total As levels. The mean baseline concentrations for As_i in Chinese market rice based on this survey were estimated to be 96 ng g⁻¹ while levels in mine-impacted areas were higher with ca. 50% of the rice in one region predicted to fail the national standard.