Hierarchical Carbon with High Nitrogen Doping Level: A Versatile Anode and Cathode Host Material for Long-Life Lithium-Ion and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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• 作者：Christian Reitz ; Ben Breitung ; Artur Schneider ; Di Wang ; Martin von der Lehr ; Thomas Leichtweiss ; Jürgen Janek ; Horst Hahn ; Torsten Brezesinski
• 刊名：ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：April 27, 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：8
• 期：16
• 页码：10274-10282
• 全文大小：575K
• 年卷期：0
• ISSN：1944-8252

文摘

Nitrogen-rich carbon with both a turbostratic microstructure and meso/macroporosity was prepared by hard templating through pyrolysis of a tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquid in the voids of a silica monolith template. This multifunctional carbon not only is a promising anode candidate for long-life lithium-ion batteries but also shows favorable properties as anode and cathode host material owing to a high nitrogen content (>8% after carbonization at 900 °C). To demonstrate the latter, the hierarchical carbon was melt-infiltrated with sulfur as well as coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of anatase TiO₂, both of which led to high-quality nanocomposites. TiO₂ ALD increased the specific capacity of the carbon while maintaining high Coulombic efficiency and cycle life: the composite exhibited stable performance in lithium half-cells, with excellent recovery of low rate capacities after thousands of cycles at 5C. Lithium–sulfur batteries using the sulfur/carbon composite also showed good cyclability, with reversible capacities of ∼700 mA·h·g^–1 at C/5 and without obvious decay over several hundred cycles. The present results demonstrate that nitrogen-rich carbon with an interconnected multimodal pore structure is very versatile and can be used as both active and inactive electrode material in high-performance lithium-based batteries.