We report a new paradigm for the synthesis of metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals with controlled thickness by utilizing interfacial self-assembly of frameworks on metal ion-doped polymer precursors. The approach involves preparation of metal ion-doped polymer precursors through ion-exchange reactions and synthesis of MOF crystals by immersion into solutions containing organic ligands. The thickness of the resulting MOF crystals can be readily controlled by the number of doped-metal ions in the polymer precursors. MOF crystals could be very important and potentially useful for applications, and the present approach based on interfacial self-assembly could significantly advance MOF crystal preparation techniques.