Damage evolution of tunnel portal during the longitudinal propagation of Rayleigh waves

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• 作者：Dong Wu (1)
  Bo Gao (1)
  Yusheng Shen (1)
  Jiamei Zhou (1)
  Guihong Chen (2)
  
  1. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering ; Ministry of Education ; Southwest Jiaotong University ; Chengdu ; 610031 ; China
  2. Henan Provincial Communications Planning Survey and Design Institute Co. Ltd ; Zhengzhou ; 450052 ; China
  
• 关键词：Tunnel portal ; Rayleigh wave ; Damage evolution ; Tensile crack ; Damage index
• 刊名：Natural Hazards
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：February 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：75
• 期：3
• 页码：2519-2543
• 全文大小：2,541 KB
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• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 刊物主题：Earth sciences
  Hydrogeology
  Geophysics and Geodesy
  Geotechnical Engineering
  Civil Engineering
  Environmental Management
  
• 出版者：Springer Netherlands
• ISSN：1573-0840

文摘

Rayleigh waves significantly compromise the safety of tunnel portals. This paper establishes a three-dimensional numerical model, with a plastic-damage model for the concrete lining structure, to analyze the damage evolution of the tunnel portal during the longitudinal propagation of Rayleigh waves. To generate the wave field, a Rayleigh wave input method based on viscous-spring artificial boundary is developed. The submodeling technique is employed to overcome difficulties introduced by contradictions between element size, model scale and affordable computational cost. The simulation results, including the deformation of pavement at the entrance and the crack pattern of the tunnel lining, correspond well with the field observation of the Longxi Tunnel during the Wenchuan Earthquake. This paper proposes that the opening width of predominant circumferential cracks and a dimensionless damage index based on the internal damage variable can be used to quantitatively estimate the damage extent of the lining structure. The result of damage assessment shows that all damage is limited within a certain scope of the tunnel portal and that the extent of each crack decreases with its increasing distance from the entrance. The extent of damage may also be induced through earthquake loading with a relatively lower amplitude. Therefore, the cyclic and accumulative effect of successive earthquake loading over time, rather than simply, the effect of loading with a maximum amplitude, can determine the final damage state of lining structure. Although incapable of preventing the appearance of hairline cracks, the strengthening effect of reinforcement remarkably reduces the maximum width of crack openings and the overall damage extent of the lining structure. Moreover, the presence of reinforcing steels prevents micro-cracks from expanding to wider crack, which is essential to keep the tunnel lining waterproof and mechanically stabilized. The simulation methodology introduced in this paper could also potentially reliably predict the damage process of the tunnel lining and the extent of damage under the effect of complicated earthquake loading, aside from the Rayleigh wave.