Interaction among controlling factors for landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan, China Mw 7.9 earthquake
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Lingling Shen ; Chong Xu ; Lianyou Liu
- 关键词：Wenchuan earthquake ; co ; seismic landslides ; interaction among controlling factors ; statistical analysis
- 刊名：Frontiers of Earth Science
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：June 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：10
- 期：2
- 页码：264-273
- 全文大小：8,548 KB
- 参考文献：Abdrakhmatov K, Havenith H B, Delvaux D, Jongmans D, Trefois P (2003). Probabilistic PGA and arias intensity maps of Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia). J Seismol, 7(2): 203–220CrossRef
Arias A (1970) A measure of earthquake intensity. In: Hansen R J, ed. Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants. Cambridge: Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., 438–483
Bui D T, Pradhan B, Lofman O, Revhaug I, Dick O B (2012). Spatial prediction of landslide hazards in Hoa Binh province (Vietnam): a comparative assessment of the efficacy of evidential belief functions and fuzzy logic models. Catena, 96: 28–40CrossRef
Carro M, De Amicis M, Luzi L, Marzorati S (2003). The application of predictive modeling techniques to landslides induced by earthquakes: the case study of the 26 September 1997 Umbria—Marche earthquake (Italy). Eng Geol, 69(1–2): 139–159CrossRef
Chousianitis K, Del Gaudio V, Kalogeras I, Ganas A (2014). Predictive model of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement for regional scale evaluation of earthquake-induced landslide hazard in Greece. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng, 65: 11–29CrossRef
Dai F C, Xu C, Yao X, Xu L, Tu X B, Gong Q M (2011). Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China. J Asian Earth Sci, 40(4): 883–895CrossRef
Mansouri Daneshvar M R, Bagherzadeh A (2011). Landslide hazard zonation assessment using GIS analysis at Golmakan Watershed, northeast of Iran. Front Earth Sci, 5(1): 70–81CrossRef
Gorum T, Fan XM, vanWesten C J, Huang R Q, Xu Q, Tang C, Wang G H (2011). Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Geomorphology, 133(3–4): 152–167CrossRef
Gorum T, van Westen C J, Korup O, van der Meijde M, Fan X M, van der Meer F D (2013). Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake. Geomorphology, 184: 127–138CrossRef
Guo D P, Hamada M (2013). Qualitative and quantitative analysis on landslide influential factors during Wenchuan earthquake: a case study in Wenchuan County. Eng Geol, 152(1): 202–209CrossRef
Harp E L, Jibson R W (1996). Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 86(1B): S319–S332
Harp E L, Jibson R W, Dart R L (2013). The effect of complex fault rupture on the distribution of landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010, Haiti earthquake. Landslide Science and Practice: 157–161CrossRef
Harp E L, Keefer D K, Sato H P, Yagi H (2011). Landslide inventories: the essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses. Eng Geol, 122 (1–2): 9–21CrossRef
Harp E L, Wilson R C (1995). Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills Earthquake strong-motion records. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 85 (6): 1739–1757
Hsieh S Y, Lee C T (2011). Empirical estimation of the Newmark displacement from the Arias intensity and critical acceleration. Eng Geol, 122(1–2): 34–42CrossRef
Hwang H, Lin C K, Yeh Y T (2004) Derivation of attenuation relations of Arias Intensity using the Chi-chi earthquake data. In: Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 3108
Jibson R W (1993). Predicting earthquake-induced landslide displacements using Newmark's sliding block analysis. Transp Res Rec, 1411: 9–17
Jibson R W, Harp E L, Michael J A (2000). A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps. Eng Geol, 58(3–4): 271–289CrossRef
Kamp U, Growley B J, Khattak G A, Owen L A (2008). GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region. Geomorphology, 101(4): 631–642CrossRef
Kayastha P (2012). Application of fuzzy logic approach for landslide susceptibility mapping in Garuwa sub-basin, East Nepal. Front Earth Sci, 6(4): 420–432CrossRef
Keefer D K (1984). Landslides caused by earthquakes. Geol Soc Am Bull, 95(4): 406–421CrossRef
Keefer D K (2000). Statistical analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution —the 1989 Loma Prieta, California event. Eng Geol, 58(3–4): 231–249CrossRef
Khazai B, Sitar N (2004). Evaluation of factors controlling earthquakeinduced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events. Eng Geol, 71(1–2): 79–95CrossRef
Lee C T, Huang C C, Lee J F, Pan K L, Lin M L, Dong J J (2008). Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility. Eng Geol, 100(1–2): 43–58CrossRef
Liao C, Liao H, Lee C (2002). Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslides triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002, abstract #H12D-0951, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.H12D0951L
Liao H W, Lee C T (2000) Landslides triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake. In: Proceedings of the 21st Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Taipei, 1–2: 383–388
Lin C W, Liu S H, Lee S Y, Liu C C (2006). Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan. Eng Geol, 86(2–3): 87–101CrossRef
Meunier P, Hovius N, Haines A J (2008). Topographic site effects and the location of earthquake induced landslides. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 275(3–4): 221–232CrossRef
Miles S B, Ho C L (1999). Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark’s method and stochastic ground motion simulation. Soil Dyn Earthquake Eng, 18(4): 305–323CrossRef
Pelऺ J A, Delgado J, López Casado C (2005). A preliminary probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in terms of Arias intensity in southeastern Spain. Eng Geol, 77(1–2): 139–151
Pourghasemi H R, Mohammady M, Pradhan B (2012a). Landslide susceptibility mapping using index of entropy and conditional probability models in GIS: Safarood Basin, Iran. Catena, 97: 71–84CrossRef
Pourghasemi H R, Pradhan B, Gokceoglu C (2012b). Application of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran. Nat Hazards, 63(2): 965–996CrossRef
Pradhan B, Lee S (2010). Regional landslide susceptibility analysis using back-propagation neural network model at Cameron Highland, Malaysia. Landslides, 7(1): 13–30CrossRef
Romeo R (2000). Seismically induced landslide displacements: a predictive model. Eng Geol, 58(3–4): 337–351CrossRef
Sato H P, Hasegawa H, Fujiwara S, Tobita M, Koarai M, Une H, Iwahashi J (2007). Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery. Landslides, 4(2): 113–122CrossRef
Sato H P, Sekiguchi T, Kojiroi R, Suzuki Y, Iida M (2005). Overlaying landslides distribution on the earthquake source, geological and topographical data: the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake in 2004, Japan. Landslides, 2(2): 143–152CrossRef
Tan X B, Yuan RM, Xu X W, Chen G H, Klinger Y, Chang C P, Ren J J, Xu C, Li K (2012). Complex surface rupturing and related formation mechanisms in the Xiaoyudong area for the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, China. J Asian Earth Sci, 58: 132–142CrossRef
US Geological Survey (2008). Shakemap us2008ryan. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/global/shake/2008ryan/.
Wang WN, Nakamura H, Tsuchiya S, Chen C C (2002). Distributions of landslides triggered by the Chi-chi Earthquake in Central Taiwan on September 21, 1999. Landslides-Journal of the Japan Landslide Society, 38(4): 318–326
Xu C (2013). Assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility based on expert knowledge and information value methods: a case study of the 20 April 2013 Lushan, China Mw6.6 earthquake. Disaster Advances, 6(13): 119–130
Xu C (2014a). Do buried-rupture earthquakes trigger less landslides than surface-rupture earthquakes for reverse faults? Geomorphology, 216: 53–57CrossRef
Xu C (2014b). Preparation of earthquake-triggered landslide inventory maps using remote sensing and GIS technologies: principles and case studies. Geoscience Frontiers, doi: 10.1016/j.gsf.2014.03.004
Xu C, Dai F C, Xu X W, Lee Y H (2012a). GIS-based support vector machine modeling of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility in the Jianjiang River watershed, China. Geomorphology, 145–146: 70–80CrossRef
Xu C, Shyu J B H, Xu X W (2014b). Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Mw= 7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, 14(7): 1789–1818CrossRef
Xu C, Xiao J Z (2013). Spatial analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake: a case study of a typical rectangle area in the northeast of Taiping town. Seismology and Geology, 35(2): 436–451 (in Chinese)
Xu C, Xu X, Shyu J B H, Gao M, Tan X, Ran Y, Zheng W (2015). Landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan, China, Mw 6.6 earthquake from field investigations and preliminary analyses. Landslides, 12(2): 365–385CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W (2014a). Statistical analysis of landslides caused by the Mw 6.9 Yushu, China, earthquake of April 14, 2010. Nat Hazards, 72(2): 871–893CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W (2014b). The spatial distribution pattern of landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquake of China and its implication to identification of the seismogenic fault. Chin Sci Bull, 59(13): 1416–1424CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W, Dai F C, Saraf A K (2012b). Comparison of different models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides related with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Comput Geosci, 46: 317–329CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W, Shyu J B H, Zheng W J, Min W (2014c). Landslides triggered by the 22 July 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian, China, Mw 5.9 earthquake: inventory compiling and spatial distribution analysis. J Asian Earth Sci, 92: 125–142CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W, Yao Q, Wang Y Y (2013a). GIS-based bivariate statistical modelling for earthquake-triggered landslides susceptibility mapping related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 46(2): 221–236CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W, Yao X, Dai F C (2014a). Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis. Landslides, 11(3): 441–461CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W, Yu G H (2013b). Landslides triggered by slipping-faultgenerated earthquake on a plateau: an example of the 14 April 2010, Ms 7.1, Yushu, China earthquake. Landslides, 10(4): 421–431CrossRef
Xu C, Xu X W, Zheng W J (2013c). Compiling inventory of landslides triggered by Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake of July 22, 2013 and their spatial distribution analysis. Journal of Engineering Geology, 21 (5): 736–749 (in Chinese)
Xu C, Xu X W, Zheng W J, Min W, Ren Z K, Li Z Q (2013d). Landslides triggered by the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian, Gansu Province Ms 6.6 Eartqhuake and its tectonic analysis. Seismology and Geology, 35(3): 616–626 (in Chinese)
Xu X W, Wen X Z, Yu G H, Chen G H, Klinger Y, Hubbard J, Shaw J (2009a). Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China. Geology, 37 (6): 515–518CrossRef
Xu X W, Yu G H, Chen G H, Ran Y K, Li C X, Chen Y G, Chang C P (2009b). Parameters of coseismic reverse- and oblique-slip surface ruptures of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 83(4): 673–684CrossRef
Yalcin A (2008). GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using analytical hierarchy process and bivariate statistics in Ardesen (Turkey): comparisons of results and confirmations. Catena, 72(1): 1–12CrossRef
Chong Xu (2)
Lianyou Liu (1)
1. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, MOE; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
2. Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100029, China
文摘
The 12 May 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake triggered about 200,000 landslides, which were controlled by a number of factors. This study examines five factors: slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and fault side (relative position on the seismogenic fault, i.e., hanging wall or footwall), to determine how these factors control the co-seismic landslide occurrence and whether one or more factors, acting alone or in concert, are involved in promoting or suppressing landslides. We performed a multi-factor statistical analysis using data from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that in the areas characterized by steep topography or where strong ground shaking occurred during the earthquake, there is a closer relationship between slope aspect and landslide number density (LND) than other areas. The relationship between lithology and LND values depends on PGA. In turn, the relationship between LND values and PGA is also influenced by lithology. In addition, the controlling effect of lithology on co-seismic landslides on the hanging wall of the seismogenic fault is greater than that on the footwall. Examining interactions among these factors can improve understanding of the mechanisms of co-seismic landslide occurrence.