Petroleum system modeling and risk assessments of Ad’daimah oil field: a case study from Mesan Governorate, south Iraq

详细信息    查看全文

• 作者：Thamer K. Al-Ameri ; Heba S. Al-Mimar ; John Zumberge
• 关键词：Oil biomarkers ; Isotopes ; Extract organic matters ; Ad’daimah oil field ; Petroleum system ; Migration path ; Risk assessment ; South Iraq
• 刊名：Arabian Journal of Geosciences
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：August 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：8
• 期：8
• 页码：5739-5766
• 全文大小：36,313 KB
• 参考文献：Al-Ameri TK (1983a) Acid resistant microfossils used in the determination of Paleozoic palaeoenvironments in Libya, Palaeo 3. Elsevier-Holland 44, pp 103-16
  Al-Ameri TK (1983b) Palynological application for the palaeogeography of Tripolitania during the Silurian time. Proc Indian Natl Acad Sci India 49A(9):637-46
  Al-Ameri TK (2010) Palynostratigraphy and the assessment of gas and oil generation and accumulations in the Lower Palaeozoic, western Iraq. Arab J Geosci 3:155-79, SpringerCrossRef
  Al-Ameri TK, Al-Musawi FA (2011) Hydrocarbon generation potential of the uppermost Jurassic-Basal Cretaceous Sulaiy Formation, South Iraq. Arab J Geosci 4:53-8, SpringerCrossRef
  Al-Ameri TK, Al-Obaidi RY (2011) Cretaceous petroleum system of the Khasib and Tannuma oil reservoir, East Baghdad oil field, Iraq. Arab J Geosci 4:915-32, SpringerCrossRef
  Al-Ameri TK, Jasim SY (2011) Environmental changes in the wetland of Southern Iraq based on palynological studies. Arab J Geosci 4:443-61, SpringerCrossRef
  Al-Ameri TK, Zumberge J (2012) Middle and Upper Jurassic hydrocarbon potential of the Zagross Fold Belt, North Iraq. J Mar Pet Geol 36:1-2, ElsevierCrossRef
  Al-Ameri TK, Al-Jubouri NM, Al-Najar TK (1996) Forminiferal test linings used to assess hydrocarbon source rocks in the Cretaceous sediments of Iraq. Iraqi J Sci 37(4):1393-404
  Al-Ameri TK, Al-Musawi FA, Batten DJ (1999) Palynofacies indications of depositional environments and source potential for hydrocarbons: uppermost Jurassic-Basal Cretaceous Sulaiy Formation, Southern Iraq. Cretac Res 20:359-63, Academic, LondonCrossRef
  Al-Ameri TK, Al-Jiborim BS, Al-Dolaimy AS (2000) Palynological evidences for events of the historical deluge on Mesopotamian peoples and the future climatic changes, 5th Intern Conf. Geol. Arab world, Cairo University, pp 1575-584
  Al-Ameri TK, Al-Khafaji AJ, Zumberge J (2009) Petroleum system analysis of the Mishrif reservoir in the Ratawi, Zubair, North and South Rumaila oil fields, southern Iraq. GeoArabia 14(4):91-08
  Al-Ameri TK, Jafar MS, Pitman J (2013) 1D PetroMod software modeling of the Basrah oil fields, southern Iraq. Arab J Geosci 6:3783-808CrossRef
  Al-Ameri TK, Al-Ekabi AH, Al-Jawad SN (2014) Palynomorph stratigraphy, palynofacies and organic geochemistry assessments for hydrocarbon generation of Ratawi Formation, Iraq. Arab J Geosci 7(4):1433-455
  Al-Musawi FAS (2010) Crude oil characterization and source affinities of Missan oil fields, Southeastern Iraq. PhD thesis, College of Science, University of Baghdad, 177 pages
  Al-Shabender L (2014) Using geophysical loging technologies and 3D petrophysical modeling to study the characterization of Mishrif Formation in Buzargan oil field, southeast Iraq. MSc thesis, University of Baghdad, 165 pages
  Al-Sharhan AS, Narin AEM (1997) Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East. Elsevier, the Netherlands, 843 pages
  Andrusevitch VE, Engel MH, Zumberge JE (2000) Effect of paleolatitude on the stable carbon isotope composition of crude oils. Geology 28:847-50CrossRef
  Aqrawi AAM, Goff JC, Horbury AD, Sadooni FN (2010) The petroleum geology of Iraq. Scientific Press, Beaconsfield, 242 pages
  Bastow TP, Alexander R, Kagi RI, Sosrovidjojo I,B (1998) The effect of maturity and biodegradation on the enantiometric of sedimentary dihydro-ar-curcumene and related compounds. Org Geochem 29:1297-304CrossRef
  Batten DJ (1996a) Palynofacies and palaeoenvironmental interpretations. In: Jansonius J, McGregor DC (eds) Palynology: principles and application, vol 3. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, pp 1011-064
  Batten DJ (1996b) Palynofacies and petroleum potential. In: Jansonius J, McGregor DC (eds) Palynology: principle and applications, vol 3. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, pp 1065-084
  Beydoun ZR, Hughes Clarke MW, Stoneley R (1992) Petroleum in the Zagros Basin: a late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of avast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic–Mesozoic passive margin shelf, AAPG, pp. 309-39
  Boreham CJ, Crick IJ, Powell TJ (1988) Alternative calibration of the Methylphenanthrene Index against vitrinite reflectance: application to maturity measurements to oil and sediments. Org Geochem 12:289-94
  Bujak JP, Barss MS, Williams GL (1977) Offshore East Canada’s organic types and colour of hydrocarbon potential. Parts I and II. Oil Gas J 75:96-02
  Dunington HV (1958) Generation, migration, accumulation and dissipation of oil in Northern Iraq. In: Weeks GL (ed) Habitat of oil. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp 1194-251
  Grantham PJ, Wakefield LL (1988) Variations in the sterane carbon number distribution of marine source rock derived crude oils through geological time. Org Geochem 12:293-04CrossRef
  Hunt JM (1996) Petroleum geochemistry and geology, 2nd edn. Freeman, New York, p 743
  H
• 作者单位：Thamer K. Al-Ameri (1)
  Heba S. Al-Mimar (1)
  John Zumberge (2)
  
  1. Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 47062, Jadiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
  2. GeoMark Research Inc., 9748 Whithorn Drive, Houston, TX, 77095, USA
  
• 刊物类别：Earth and Environmental Science
• 出版者：Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• ISSN：1866-7538

文摘

Oil biomarkers and isotope values of the analyzed samples from the Sa’adi and Yamama Formation reservoirs of Santonian and Valanginian ages, respectively, from well Da-1 as well as Yamama Formation extracts are plotted on sterane triangle, hopane diagram, tricyclic terpane diagram, pristane to phytane ratio with canonian variables, δ 13C saturate, aromatics, and pristine-phytane diagrams and have indicated a source environment and lithology of marine algal type II that are nonbiodegraded and deposited in anoxic environments of carbonate and shale. Source maturation at the time of the oil generation is assessed by plots of oil, and the analyzed values of the Yamama source rocks on the pristine-phytane diagram indicate these to be mature with T _max equivalent of 435 °C based on plots of methyldibenzothiophene ratio (MDR) and vitrinite reflectance of R _o--.70-.85 based on methylphenothrene ratio (MPI). Source age assessment is taken from δ 13C (%) and the calculated C₂₈/C₂₉ sterane ratio indicates early Lower Cretaceous age. The Yamama Formation in this study showed excellent hydrocarbon potential with extracted organic matter of up to 16,674 ppm with a total organic carbon (TOC) equivalent of 16.64 wt%. Correlation of the analyzed data from Ad’daimah field with other oil fields in the Mesan Governorate indicates the same characteristics and revealed this to be clustered in one place in all the diagrams, but the source age shows two oil families where the first is sourced from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous as in the case in the Ad’daimah field while the second is sourced from Middle and Upper Jurassic as in the case in the Halfaya field. Source-oil correlation is confirmed in this study by plots of values from the analysis of Sa’adi and Yamama oil of well Da-1 with the extracts from the Yamama-Sulaiy formations in isotopic δ 13C saturate and aromatics, calculated C₂₈/C₂₉ sterane ratio diagram, sterane triangle, and MPI versus R _o. These showed grouping of the oil and extracts of the analyzed data into one place of depositional environment, maturation, and age characteristics that indicate a very good correlation with excellent hydrocarbon generation from the Yamama Formation that measures up to 16,674 ppm of extracted organic matter. PetroMod software basin modeling has confirmed hydrocarbon generation from the Yamama Formation under burial thermal temperature of 114-20 °C with 285-00 mg HC/g TOC for 95 % hydrocarbon transformation from the disseminated organic matters with critical point of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation at 10 million years ago. Palynomorphs have indicated ages of Valanginan-Berriassian for the Yamama Formation and Tithonian-Berriassian for the Sulaiy Formation. Marking places of source rocks and oil reservoir on seismic section across well Da-1 for the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata have shown model assessments of the hydrocarbon generation places of the Yamama Formation, migration pathways and accumulation site, as well as places of enriched oil to assess reservoir sites and suggest for risk assessments of drilling sites for hydrocarbon production from the Yamama and Sa’adi formations. On the other hand, seismic sections in Halfaya and Buzargan fields showed hydrocarbon migration from the Sargelu Formation. Keywords Oil biomarkers Isotopes Extract organic matters Ad’daimah oil field Petroleum system Migration path Risk assessment South Iraq