• journal_title：European Journal of Mineralogy
• Contributor：Yousif O. Mohammad ; David H. Cornell ; Eva Danielsson ; Eric A. Hegardt ; Robert Anczkiewicz
• Publisher：E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Science Publishers
• Date：2011-
• Format：text/html
• Language：en
• Identifier：10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2128
• journal_abbrev：Eur J Mineral
• issn：0935-1221
• volume：23
• issue：4
• firstpage：609
• section：Articles

We present evidence that the 1674 Ma Borås Mafic Intrusion of the Swedish Eastern Segment experienced high-pressure metamorphism related to a Sveconorwegian subduction-exhumation cycle. Mg-rich staurolite is found as inclusions in garnet in metaluminous amphibolites. The inclusion assemblages include staurolite (X_Mg 0.34–0.40), kyanite, euhedral anorthite, clinozoisite and quartz. The thermodynamic packages winTWQ and Theriak-Domino were used to investigate the P-T conditions of the matrix and inclusion mineral parageneses. The bulk composition of the rock does not have a stability field for staurolite-bearing parageneses. In our samples minerals of an eclogite-facies paragenesis became isolated from the whole rock in the first stage as inclusions in garnet. High Zn levels in the staurolite (0.6–1 wt% ZnO) show that it must have formed as either chloritoid or staurolite, both of which concentrate Zn. Euhedral anorthite inclusions have trace-element compositions including high Sr and insignificant Eu anomalies, which support their interpretation as pseudomorphs after lawsonite in plagioclase-out conditions. Rutile lamellae in the garnet are also indicative of a high-pressure origin. Calculated phase diagrams show that the most likely original paragenesis was garnet + clinopyroxene + Mg-rich chloritoid + lawsonite + kyanite + quartz, which has a stability field for the whole-rock composition at 600 °C and 2.23–2.45 GPa. These conditions correspond to depths greater than 75 km, thus the Borås Mafic Intrusion was situated in the mantle at that time, implying subduction of the crustal block in which it was situated. The minerals now observed in the inclusions and in the rock matrix formed under amphibolite-facies conditions at lower pressures of 0.6–0.9 GPa and slightly increased temperatures around 650 °C, reflecting rapid exhumation from the mantle. Sm-Nd dating of garnet gives 957.1 ± 9.4 Ma, consistent with less precise Lu-Hf data, and represents either garnet growth during subduction or resetting during exhumation. Our investigations of staurolite in amphibolites documented in the literature show that staurolite cannot form in equilibrium with amphibolite-facies parageneses in normal metabasic rocks, which always have metaluminous compositions. A two-stage process is required in which a peraluminous assemblage with kyanite and possibly chloritoid first forms, due to plagioclase-out reactions in eclogite-facies conditions. Staurolite forms in the second stage during exhumation as pressure decreases, in domains which are not in contact with the common amphibolite-facies assemblage, for example by hydration reactions involving kyanite and garnet or by breakdown of chloritoid at higher temperatures. The pressures estimated for garnet growth and the development of inclusions correspond to minimum depths of 75–83 km (for basaltic or granitic overburden) and the Borås Mafic Intrusion is an integral part of the Eastern Segment in which retrograde eclogite metabasic bodies occur within orthogneisses in at least four other localities. This implies that a major part of the Eastern Segment experienced a high-pressure metamorphic event and the entire block of continental crust was involved in a subduction-exhumation cycle during the Sveconorwegian orogeny.