The thermodynamic properties of the upper continental crust: Exergy, Gibbs free energy and enthalpy

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• 作者：Alicia Valero^a ; ^{aliciavd@unizar.es} ; Antonio Valero^a ; Philippe Vieillard^b
• 关键词：Exergy ; Enthalpy ; Gibbs free energy ; Continental crust ; Minerals ; Reference environment
• 刊名：Energy
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：11_03605442
• 类别：pw
• 出版时间：May, 2012
• 卷：41
• 期：1
• 页码：121-127
• 文件大小：176 K

摘要

This paper shows a comprehensive database of the thermodynamic properties of the most abundant minerals of the upper continental crust. For those substances whose thermodynamic properties are not listed in the literature, their enthalpy and Gibbs free energy are calculated with 11 different estimation methods described in this study, with associated errors of up to 10%with respect to values published in the literature. Thanks to this procedure we have been able to make a first estimation of the enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and exergy of the bulk upper continental crust and of each of the nearly 300 most abundant minerals contained in it. Finally, the chemical exergy of the continental crust is compared to the exergy of the concentrated mineral resources. The numbers obtained indicate the huge chemical exergy wealth of the crust: 6聽脳聽10⁶ Gtoe. However, this study shows that approximately only 0.01%of that amount can be effectively used by man.