Effects of temperature and dairy cattle excreta characteristics on potential ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from housing: A laboratory study

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• 作者：José ; Pereira^a ; ^b ; ^{jlpereira@esav.ipv.pt} ; ^{jlpereira@engenheiros.pt} ; Tom H. Misselbrook^c ; David R. Chadwick^c ; Joã ; o Coutinho^d ; Henrique Trindade^b
• 刊名：Biosystems Engineering
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：112_15375110
• 类别：abs
• 出版时间：June, 2012
• 卷：112
• 期：2
• 页码：138-150
• 文件大小：573 K

摘要

Dairy cattle housing is a significant source of NH₃ and GHG emissions to atmosphere. However, the climate, temperature in particular, and the characteristics of the excreta of the housed cattle, may have a strong influence on the magnitude of such emissions. The objectives were to assess the effects of temperature and excreta characteristics of heifers, dry cows and lactating cows on potential NH₃, N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ emissions. The experiment was conducted using laboratory chambers where constant amounts of urine and faeces were applied to a concrete floor. Potential NH₃ and GHG emissions were measured over 120-h following application at 5, 15, 25 and 35聽掳C.

Increasing temperature promoted a significant increase in NH₃ emissions. At temperatures 鈮?5聽掳C, total NH₃ emissions accounted for more than 100%of the urea-N content of the urine for the three dairy cattle types, indicating that other organic N compounds of urine and faeces are an important source of NH₃. The cumulative amount of N₂O released did not vary significantly with temperature and ranged from 1 to 2%of total N deposited. Cumulative CO₂ emissions were ca. 14-58%of total C deposited and the cumulative CH₄ emissions were significantly higher at 25聽掳C than at all other temperatures. It was concluded that increasing temperature from 5 to 35聽掳C significantly increased potential NH₃, CO₂ and CH₄ emissions but did not significantly influence N₂O emissions. Also, the diet supplied to lactating cows led to significantly higher NH₃, N₂O and CO₂ emissions relative to heifers and dry cows.