The role of the lanthanide impurities predicted using the lanthanide energy level diagram was largely confirmed, as evidenced by the TL curves, TL emission spectra and activation energy analysis. However, our data suggests that the exact role of the lanthanide dopants during the TL process depends on the thermal stability of the trapped charges, i.e. the same lanthanide can act as a trapping center in one system and as a recombination center in another system. These results demonstrate the possibility of introducing appropriate TL peaks and recombination centers in YAG produced by SCS by lanthanide doping, where the role of the lanthanide dopant is consistent with a model for the lanthanide energy levels. This allows for a more guided approach to the development of new TL materials with peaks in certain temperature range or multiple TL peaks, at least in conditions in which the model applies.