Effect on the incidence of pneumonia of vitamin D supplementation by quarterly bolus dose to infants in Kabul: a randomised controlled superiority trial

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• 作者：Dr Semira Manaseki-Holland ; FRCP^a ; ^{s.manasekiholland@bham.ac.uk} ; Zabihullah Maroof ; PhD^b ; Jane Bruce ; MSc^b ; M Zulf Mughal ; FRCP^c ; Prof Mohammad Isaq Masher ; MD^d ; Zulfiqar A Bhutta ; FRCP^e ; Gijs Walraven ; PhD^f ; Prof Daniel Chandramohan ; PhD^b
• 刊名：The Lancet
• 出版年：2012
• 期刊代码：182_01406736
• 类别：med
• 出版时间：14-20 April, 2012
• 卷：379
• 期：9824
• 页码：1419-1427
• 文件大小：250 K

摘要

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Summary

Background

Vitamin D has a role in regulating immune function, and its deficiency is a suggested risk factor for childhood pneumonia. Our aim was to assess whether oral supplementation of vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) will reduce the incidence and severity of pneumonia in a high-risk infant population.

Methods

We did a randomised placebo-controlled trial to compare oral 100鈥?00 IU (2路5 mg) vitamin D₃ with placebo given to children aged 1-11 months in Kabul, Afghanistan. Randomisation was by use of a computer-generated list. Vitamin D or placebo was given by fieldworkers once every 3 months for 18 months. Children presenting at the study hospital with signs of pneumonia had their diagnosis confirmed radiographically. Our primary outcome was the first or only episode of radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Our analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with , number .

Findings

1524 children were assigned to receive vitamin D₃ and 1522 placebo. There was no significant difference between the incidence of first or only pneumonia between the vitamin D (0路145 per child per year, 95%CI 0路129-0路164) and the placebo group (0.137, 0路121-0路155); the incidence rate ratio was 1路06 (95%CI 0路89-1路27). From 652 children during five separate periods of testing serum calcifediol, only one child in each of two testing periods had results greater than 375 nmol/L in the intervention group鈥攁 toxic level.

Interpretations

Quarterly bolus doses of oral vitamin D₃ supplementation to infants are not an effective intervention to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in infants in this setting.

Funding

Wellcome Trust and British Council.