New strategies to screen for endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the Portuguese marine environment utilizing large volume injection鈥揷apillary gas chromatography鈥搈ass spectrometry combined with retention time locking libraries (LVI鈥揋C鈥揗S鈥揜TL)
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- 作者：C. Almeida ; P. Ser么dio ; M. H. Flor锚ncio and J. M. F. Nogueira
- 关键词：SPE– ; LVI– ; GC– ; MS ; RTL databases ; Endocrine ; disrupting chemicals ; Pesticides and metabolites ; Phenolic derivatives ; PAHs ; Organotins ; Environmental matrices ; Portuguese estuaries
- 刊名：Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- 出版时间：April, 2007
- 出版年：2007
- 期刊代码：8_1618-2642
- 类别：en
- 卷：387
- 期：7
- 页码：2569-2583
- 数据来源：sp
摘要
A new analytical strategy to screen for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in environmental matrices is presented. The strategy uses solid-phase extraction followed by large volume injection and capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry combined with retention time locking libraries (SPE–LVI–GC–MS–RTL). Characterization of the proposed methodology (SPE–LVI–GC–MS) for selected classes of EDCs enabled high reproducibility and robustness at the ultratrace level. The RTL databases used allowed hundreds of non-target semivolatiles (i.e., pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and other classes of suspected EDCs from a great number of unknown environmental matrices) to be simultaneously screened for in an easy, fast and remarkable manner. The application of the proposed methodology to real environmental samples demonstrated its remarkable selectivity and sensitivity at the ultratrace level. Screening assessments performed on water and sediment matrices from eight Portuguese estuaries and coastal waters identified EDC “hotspots.” These EDCs mainly come from agricultural and a wide variety of industrial sources, and include pesticides and pesticide metabolites, phenolic derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are included in the lists of priority substances published by international environmental agencies. The estuaries that contained relatively high levels of pesticides were Guadiana, Sado and Mondego, while Minho, Douro and Formosa showed enhanced levels of phenolic derivatives. Dibutyltin and tributyltin, selected as target compounds to be monitored by SPE–LVI–GC–MS in the selected ion monitoring mode, were shown to be widespread contaminants at trace levels in almost all of the sediment matrices assessed. The reliability of the proposed methodology undoubtedly makes it a valuable tool that could replace other analytical strategies currently used to screen for EDCs present in the environment at ultratrace levels.