宁波地区4种典型农村生活污水处理工艺污染物去除率比较分析
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摘要
选择宁波地区的A/O一体化、生物滤池、生物转盘和人工湿地等4种典型农村生活污水处理工艺为研究对象,于2013年1月—2015年12月期间开展各工艺终端处理设施的进出水水质跟踪监测,进行各处理工艺的污染物去除率和稳定性比较分析。结果表明,4种处理工艺的COD、BOD_5、SS多年平均去除率大小顺序均为A/O一体化>生物滤池>生物转盘>人工湿地,TN多年平均去除率大小顺序为生物滤池>生物转盘>A/O一体化>人工湿地,其中A/O一体化、生物滤池和生物转盘工艺的COD、BOD_5、TN平均去除率均显著高于人工湿地工艺;A/O一体化、生物滤池和生物转盘工艺随着终端处理设施运行年限的延长,COD、BOD_5、SS、TN去除率均保持稳定,而人工湿地工艺的COD、BOD5、TN去除率均呈现明显的下降趋势;各处理工艺在低温期(11月—次年4月)和高温期(5月—10月)的SS去除率差异不明显,但各处理工艺的COD、BOD_5、TN去除率在低温期明显低于高温期,其中A/O一体化工艺差异相对较小,生物滤池工艺差异最大。
Comparison and analysis of pollutant removal efficiency and stability of 4 kinds of typical rural domestic sewage treatment technology, including A/O integrated equipment technology(A/O), biological aerated filter technology(BAF), rotating biological contactor technology(RBC), constructed wetland technology(CW), were investigated in Ningbo area from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015. The results indicated that, multi-year average removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, SS of 4 kinds of technology were in the sequence of A/O >BAF>RBC>CW, while multi-year average removal efficiency of TN was in the sequence of BAF >RBC >A/O >CW, among them the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, TN of A/O, BAF and RBC were significantly higher than that of CW. Removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, SS, TN of A/O, BAF and RBC were kept stable accompanied by extension of service p eriod, but removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, TN of CW were decreased significantly accompanied by extension of service period. Removal efficiency of SS was little difference between low temperature period(Nov to Apr)and high temperature period(May to Oct), but removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, TN of low temperature period were significantly lower than that of high temperature, among them A/O was relatively insignificant, and BAF was the most.
Comparison and analysis of pollutant removal efficiency and stability of 4 kinds of typical rural domestic sewage treatment technology, including A/O integrated equipment technology(A/O), biological aerated filter technology(BAF), rotating biological contactor technology(RBC), constructed wetland technology(CW), were investigated in Ningbo area from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015. The results indicated that, multi-year average removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, SS of 4 kinds of technology were in the sequence of A/O >BAF>RBC>CW, while multi-year average removal efficiency of TN was in the sequence of BAF >RBC >A/O >CW, among them the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, TN of A/O, BAF and RBC were significantly higher than that of CW. Removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, SS, TN of A/O, BAF and RBC were kept stable accompanied by extension of service p eriod, but removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, TN of CW were decreased significantly accompanied by extension of service period. Removal efficiency of SS was little difference between low temperature period(Nov to Apr)and high temperature period(May to Oct), but removal efficiency of COD, BOD_5, TN of low temperature period were significantly lower than that of high temperature, among them A/O was relatively insignificant, and BAF was the most.
引文
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[18]史鹏博,朱洪涛,孙德智.人工湿地不同填料组合去除典型污染物的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):704-711.SHI Peng-bo,ZHU Hong-tao,SUN De-zhi.Removal efficiency of typical pollutants by different substrate combinations for constructed wetlands[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(3):704-711.(in Chinese)
[19]Lu S B,Zhang X L,Wang J H,et al.Impacts of different media on constructed wetlands for rural household sewage treatment[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,127:325-330.
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[21]Leju J,Ladu C,Lu X W.Effects of hydraulic retention time,temperature,and effluent recycling on efficiency of anaerobic filter in treating rural domestic wastewater[J].Water Science and Engineering,2014,7(2):168-182.
[2]Jin L Y,Zhang G M,Tian H F.Current state of sewage treatment in China[J].Water Research,2014,66:85-98.
[3]吴迪,高贤彪,李玉华,等.两级回流生物膜工艺处理农村生活污水效果[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):218-224.WU Di,GAO Xian-biao,LI Yu-hua,et al.Treatment effect of rural domestic sewage in rural area using biofilm with two-stage reflux[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(1):218-224.(in Chinese)
[4]沈丰菊,张克强,李军幸,等.基于模糊积分模型的农村生活污水处理模式综合评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):272-280.SHEN Feng-ju,ZHANG Ke-qiang,LI Jun-xing,et al.Evaluation method for engineering technology of rural domestic sewage treatment based on fuzzy integral model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(15):272-280.(in Chinese)
[5]Li Y H,Li H B,Xu X Y,et al.Application of subsurface wastewater infiltration system to on-site treatment of domestic sewage under high hydraulic loading rate[J].Water Science and Engineering,2015,8(1):49-54.
[6]Mengistu M G,Simane B,Eshete G,et al.A review on biogas technology and its contributions to sustainable rural livelihood in Ethiopia[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,48:306-316.
[7]张悦,段华平,孙爱伶,等.江苏省农村生活污水处理技术模式及其氮磷处理效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):172-178.ZHANG Yue,DUAN Hua-ping,SUN Ai-ling,et al.Rural sewage treatment techniques mode and purifying effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(1):172-178.(in Chinese)
[8]刘晓璐,牛宏斌,闫海,等.农村生活污水生态处理工艺研究与应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(9):184-191.LIU Xiao-lu,NIU Hong-bin,YAN Hai,et al.Research and application of high-efficiency eco-engineering rural sewage treatment system[J].Transactions of the Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(9):184-191.(in Chinese)
[9]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.State Environment Protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods(the 4th edition)[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[10]徐威,李镭,刘畅.农村生活污水处理稳定曝气系统[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(6):2473-2477.XU Wei,LI Lei,LIU Chang.Stable aeration system for treating rural sewage[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(6):2473-2477.(in Chinese)
[11]Liu J,Lu Z B,Zhang J,et al.Phylogenetic characterization of microbial communities in a full-scale vermifilter treating rural domestic sewage[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61:100-109.
[12]梁建军,阳琪琪,何强,等.A/O一体化生物接触氧化工艺的除污特征分析[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(3):14-16.LIANG Jian-jun,YANG Qi-qi,HE Qiang,et al.Analysis on pollutant removal performance of integrated A/O bio-contact oxidation reactor[J].China Water and Wastewater,2013,29(3):14-16.(in Chinese)
[13]Bahar S,Ciggin A S.A simple kinetic modeling approach for aerobic stabilization of real waste activated sludge[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,303:194-201.
[14]周律,李哿,SHIN S K,等.生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(6):1312-1318.ZHOU Lu,LI Ge,SHIN S K,et al.Characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and microbial community structure in hybrid biofilm system[J].Acta Science Circumstantiae,2012,32(6):1312-1318.(in Chinese)
[15]Ma D H,Chen L J,Liu C,et al.Biological removal of antiandrogenic activity in gray wastewater and coking wastewater by membrane reactor process[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2015,33:195-202.
[16]马静颖,詹建益.“五水共治”背景下浙江省农村生活污水处理现状分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(2):64-68.MA Jing-ying,ZHAN Jian-yi.Status of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang province[J].Environmetal Science and Management,2016,41(2):64-68.(in Chinese)
[17]Massoud M A,Tareen J,Tarhini A,et al.Effectiveness of wastewater management in rural areas of developing countries:A case of Al-Chour Caza in Lbanon[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,161(1):61-69.
[18]史鹏博,朱洪涛,孙德智.人工湿地不同填料组合去除典型污染物的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):704-711.SHI Peng-bo,ZHU Hong-tao,SUN De-zhi.Removal efficiency of typical pollutants by different substrate combinations for constructed wetlands[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(3):704-711.(in Chinese)
[19]Lu S B,Zhang X L,Wang J H,et al.Impacts of different media on constructed wetlands for rural household sewage treatment[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,127:325-330.
[20]张跃峰,刘慎坦,谢祥峰,等.人工湿地处理农村生活污水的脱氮影响因素[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(4):487-491.ZHANG Yue-feng,LIU Shen-tan,XIE Xiang-feng,et al.Nitrogen removal of rural domestic sewage in subsurface constructed wetlands[J].Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition),2011,32(4):487-491.(in Chinese)
[21]Leju J,Ladu C,Lu X W.Effects of hydraulic retention time,temperature,and effluent recycling on efficiency of anaerobic filter in treating rural domestic wastewater[J].Water Science and Engineering,2014,7(2):168-182.