VSG一次调频和转速振荡阻尼的解耦控制方案
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摘要
现现有二阶模型的VSG控制方案,对一次调频和转速振荡阻尼功能的定位与区分并不明确,表现为阻尼系数或有功调频系数的取值会同时影响到VSG的稳态功率/频率偏差和振荡阻尼性能。分析了一次频率调节和转速阻尼的物理本质,提出采用转速阻尼功率高通反馈和一次调频功率低通反馈改进VSG功频控制模型,实现了一次调频和转速阻尼作用的区分。根据同步发电机组的电磁暂态、机电动态以及稳态响应的频域特性,将VSG的调节器分为高、中、低3个作用频段。进而,分别在单机并网模式和双机并联模式下分析了一次调频和转速阻尼的频域响应特性。实验表明:所提方案同时实现了稳态功率调差分配和转速振荡抑制两个目标,并且这2个目标分别与VSG的调频系数和转速阻尼系数对应。
The virtual synchronous generator(VSG) control scheme of existing second-order model is not clear in terms of orientation and differentiation of functions of primary frequency regulation and rotational speed oscillation damping. It shows up as damping coefficient affecting VSG steady-state power/frequency deviation and active power–frequency regulating coefficient affecting VSG oscillation damping performance. In this study, the control model is improved with high-pass feedback of rotational speed damping power and low-pass feedback of frequency regulation power to differentiate primary frequency regulation from rotational speed damping functions. According to the frequency domain characteristics of electromagnetic transient, electromechanical dynamics and steady-state response of synchronous generators, the VSG regulators are divided into three action frequency bands: high, medium and low. Then, the response characteristics of primary frequency regulation and rotational speed damping in frequency domain are respectively analyzed under single grid-connected mode and double-paralleled VSG mode. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve both steady-state power allocation and speed oscillation suppression, and these two objectives correspond to the active power–frequency regulating coefficient and VSG damping coefficient respectively.
The virtual synchronous generator(VSG) control scheme of existing second-order model is not clear in terms of orientation and differentiation of functions of primary frequency regulation and rotational speed oscillation damping. It shows up as damping coefficient affecting VSG steady-state power/frequency deviation and active power–frequency regulating coefficient affecting VSG oscillation damping performance. In this study, the control model is improved with high-pass feedback of rotational speed damping power and low-pass feedback of frequency regulation power to differentiate primary frequency regulation from rotational speed damping functions. According to the frequency domain characteristics of electromagnetic transient, electromechanical dynamics and steady-state response of synchronous generators, the VSG regulators are divided into three action frequency bands: high, medium and low. Then, the response characteristics of primary frequency regulation and rotational speed damping in frequency domain are respectively analyzed under single grid-connected mode and double-paralleled VSG mode. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve both steady-state power allocation and speed oscillation suppression, and these two objectives correspond to the active power–frequency regulating coefficient and VSG damping coefficient respectively.
引文
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[19]李吉祥,赵晋斌,屈克庆,等.考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1451-1457.Li Jixiang,Zhao Jinbin,Qu Keqing,et al.Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOCcharacteristics[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1451-1457(in Chinese).
[20]Seyedmahdi I,Pablo G G,Pablo F,et al.An aggregate model of plug-in electric vehicles including distribution network characteristics for primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(4):2987-2998.
[21]Hussam A,Adje M,Evlyn M.Generator emulation controls for photovoltaic inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(2):996-1011.
[22]李新,刘国梁,杨苒晨,等.具有暂态阻尼特性的虚拟同步发电机控制策略及无缝切换方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2081-2088.Li Xin,Liu Guoliang,Yang Ranchen,et al.VSG control strategy with transient damping term and seamless switching control method[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2081-2088(in Chinese).
[23]Olve M,Salvatore D,Jon A S.Evaluation of virtual synchronous machines with dynamic or quasi-stationary machine models[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5952-5962.
[24]李明烜,王跃,徐宁一,等.基于带通阻尼功率反馈的虚拟同步发电机控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(10):2176-2185.Li Mingxuan,Wang Yue,Xu Ningyi,et al.Virtual synchronous generator control strategy based on bandpass damping power feedback[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(10):2176-2185(in Chinese).
[25]Alipoor J,Miura Y,Ise T.Power system stabilization using virtual synchronous generator with alternating moment of inertia[J].IEEEJournal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2015,3(2):451-458.
[26]赵杨阳,柴建云,孙旭东.基于虚拟同步发电机的柔性虚拟调速器模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):8-15.Zhao Yangyang,Chai Jianyun,Sun Xudong.Flexible virtual governor model based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):8-15(in Chinese).
[27]张平,蔡环宇,石健将,等.应用P/w(Q/E)“导纳”的逆变器并联系统稳定性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2486-2493.Zhang Ping,Cai Huanyu,Shi Jianjiang,et al.Stability analysis of parallel inverter systems using a P/w(Q/E)“admittance”[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2486-2493(in Chinese).
[28]Zhong Q C,Nguyen P L.Sinusoid-locked loops based on the principles of synchronous machines[C]//2012 24th IEEE Control and Decision Conference(CCDC).Taiyuan,China:IEEE,2012:1518-1523.
[29]王星海.低压微电网虚拟功率下垂控制方法研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2017.
[30]秦晓辉,苏丽宁,迟永宁,等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):36-43.Qin Xiaohui,Su Lining,Chi Yongning,et al.Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):36-43(in Chinese).
[2]Nikkhajoei H,Lasseter R H.Distributed generation interface to the CERTS microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(3):1598-1608.
[3]Visscher K,Haan S.Virtual synchronous machines(VSG’S)for frequency stabilization in future grids with a significant share of decentralized generation[C]//CIRED Seminar 2008:Smart Grids for Distribution.Frankfurt,Germany:CIRED Seminar 2008,2008:1-4.
[4]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J]Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[5]杨向真,苏建徽,丁明,等.微电网孤岛运行时的频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):164-168.Yang Xiangzhen,Su Jianhui,Ding Ming,et al.Research on frequency control for microgrid in islanded operation[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(1):164-168(in Chinese).
[6]Sakimoto K,Miura Y,Ise T.Stabilization of a power system with a distributed generator by a virtual synchronous generator function[C]//8th International Conference on Power Electronics.Shilla Jeju,Korea:ECCE Asia,2011:1498-1505.
[7]Chen Y,Hesse R,Turschner D,et al.Investigation of the virtual synchronous machine in the island mode[C]//2012 3rd IEEE PESInnovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe.Berlin,Germany:ISGTEurope,2012:1-6.
[8]Hasan A A,Ramadan E S.Comprehensive assessment of virtual synchronous machine based voltage source converter controllers[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(7):1762-1769.
[9]吕志鹏,盛万兴,刘海涛,等.虚拟同步机技术在电力系统中的应用与挑战[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):349-359.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Liu Haitao,et al.Application and challenge of virtual synchronous machine technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):349-359(in Chinese).
[10]Wang S,Hu J,Yuan X,et al.On inertial dynamics of virtualsynchronous-controlled DFIG-based wind turbines[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2015,30(4):1691-1702.
[11]Liu J,Miura Y,Ise T.Comparison of dynamic characteristics between virtual synchronous generator and droop control in inverter-based distributed generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(5):3600-3611.
[12]Mao M Q,Qian C,Ding Y.Decentralized coordination power control for islanding microgrid based on PV/BES-VSG[J].CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications,2018,3(1):14-24.
[13]Liu J,Miura Y,Bevrani H,et al.Enhanced virtual synchronous generator control for parallel inverters in microgrids[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2016,7(99):1-10.
[14]张辉,王帆,李晓强,等.虚拟同步发电机并联运行的阻抗匹配策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):69-74.Zhang Hui,Wang Fan,Li Xiaoqiang,et al.Impedance matching strategy for parallel virtual synchronous generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):69-74(in Chinese).
[15]颜湘武,刘正男,张波,等.具有同步发电机特性的并联逆变器小信号稳定性分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(3):1-11.Yan Xiangwu,Liu Zhengnan,Zhang Bo,et al.Small-signal stability analysis of parallel inverters with synchronous generator characteristics[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(3):1-11(in Chinese).
[16]Zhao Y Y,Chai J Y,Wang S E,et al.Instantaneous power calculation based on intrinsic frequency of single-phase virtual synchronous generator[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2017,5(6):970-978.
[17]Nutkani I U,Loh P C,Blaabjerg F.Droop scheme with consideration of operating costs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,29(3):1047-1052.
[18]任碧莹,赵欣荣,孙向东,等.不平衡负载下基于改进下垂控制策略的组合式三相逆变器控制[J].电网技术,2016,40(4):1163-1168.Ren Biying,Zhao Xinrong,Sun Xiangdong,et al.Improved droop control based three-phase combined inverters for unbalanced load[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(4):1163-1168(in Chinese).
[19]李吉祥,赵晋斌,屈克庆,等.考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1451-1457.Li Jixiang,Zhao Jinbin,Qu Keqing,et al.Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOCcharacteristics[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(5):1451-1457(in Chinese).
[20]Seyedmahdi I,Pablo G G,Pablo F,et al.An aggregate model of plug-in electric vehicles including distribution network characteristics for primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(4):2987-2998.
[21]Hussam A,Adje M,Evlyn M.Generator emulation controls for photovoltaic inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(2):996-1011.
[22]李新,刘国梁,杨苒晨,等.具有暂态阻尼特性的虚拟同步发电机控制策略及无缝切换方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2081-2088.Li Xin,Liu Guoliang,Yang Ranchen,et al.VSG control strategy with transient damping term and seamless switching control method[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(7):2081-2088(in Chinese).
[23]Olve M,Salvatore D,Jon A S.Evaluation of virtual synchronous machines with dynamic or quasi-stationary machine models[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5952-5962.
[24]李明烜,王跃,徐宁一,等.基于带通阻尼功率反馈的虚拟同步发电机控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(10):2176-2185.Li Mingxuan,Wang Yue,Xu Ningyi,et al.Virtual synchronous generator control strategy based on bandpass damping power feedback[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(10):2176-2185(in Chinese).
[25]Alipoor J,Miura Y,Ise T.Power system stabilization using virtual synchronous generator with alternating moment of inertia[J].IEEEJournal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2015,3(2):451-458.
[26]赵杨阳,柴建云,孙旭东.基于虚拟同步发电机的柔性虚拟调速器模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):8-15.Zhao Yangyang,Chai Jianyun,Sun Xudong.Flexible virtual governor model based on virtual synchronous generator[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):8-15(in Chinese).
[27]张平,蔡环宇,石健将,等.应用P/w(Q/E)“导纳”的逆变器并联系统稳定性分析方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2486-2493.Zhang Ping,Cai Huanyu,Shi Jianjiang,et al.Stability analysis of parallel inverter systems using a P/w(Q/E)“admittance”[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2486-2493(in Chinese).
[28]Zhong Q C,Nguyen P L.Sinusoid-locked loops based on the principles of synchronous machines[C]//2012 24th IEEE Control and Decision Conference(CCDC).Taiyuan,China:IEEE,2012:1518-1523.
[29]王星海.低压微电网虚拟功率下垂控制方法研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2017.
[30]秦晓辉,苏丽宁,迟永宁,等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):36-43.Qin Xiaohui,Su Lining,Chi Yongning,et al.Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):36-43(in Chinese).