大亚湾海域水体和沉积物中石油类含量与分布特征
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摘要
为探讨大亚湾海域水体和沉积物中石油烃的含量及其分布特征,2015年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和12月(冬季)对大亚湾海域的石油烃进行了4个季度调查。结果显示,大亚湾表层水体石油烃质量浓度为0.005~0.268 mg·L~(–1),均值为0.067 mg·L~(–1),水质为国家三类海水,平均污染指数(Pi)为1.34,水体已经受到石油烃的污染。水体中石油烃的分布主要受湾内顺时针方向水平环流的影响,春季石油烃的高值区位于湾内东部海域,夏季位于湾内南部海域,秋季位于湾内西南部海域,冬季则位于湾内北部海域。表层沉积物中石油烃质量分数为7~559 mg·kg~(–1),均值为183.4 mg·kg~(–1),平均Pi为0.367,表明大亚湾表层沉积物除了A9站位受污染之外,整体未受石油烃污染。表层沉积物中石油烃呈点源分布,高值区位于中央列岛区、南澳镇东北海域以及大辣甲东面海域,主要分布于石化排污区、进港航道和油码头附近。
We investigated the content and distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon in Daya Bay waters and sediments in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 2015. The mass concentrations of petroleum in surface waters ranged from 0.005 mg·L~(–1) to 0.268 mg·L~(–1)(average: 0.067 mg·L~(–1)). According to the National Seawater Standard, the water quality was at Grade Ⅲ.The average pollution index(Pi) was 1.34, indicating that the seawater had been polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons. The distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in surface waters was mainly affected by the horizontal clockwise circulation. The petroleum hydrocarbons high value area was located in the eastern part in spring, southern part in summer, southwest in autumn and northern part in winter. The range of petroleum hydrocarbons mass fraction in surface sediments was 7-559 mg·kg~(–1)(average:183.4 mg·kg~(–1)). The average Pi was 0.367, indicating that the surface sediments in Daya Bay were not polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon, except Station A9. Petroleum hydrocarbon was a point source in surface sediments, and the high value area was located in the central archipelagic region, northeastern Nan'ao Town and eastern Dalajia Island, and all of those areas were distributed in the petrochemical sewage area, near the channel and the petroleum terminal.
We investigated the content and distribution characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon in Daya Bay waters and sediments in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 2015. The mass concentrations of petroleum in surface waters ranged from 0.005 mg·L~(–1) to 0.268 mg·L~(–1)(average: 0.067 mg·L~(–1)). According to the National Seawater Standard, the water quality was at Grade Ⅲ.The average pollution index(Pi) was 1.34, indicating that the seawater had been polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons. The distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in surface waters was mainly affected by the horizontal clockwise circulation. The petroleum hydrocarbons high value area was located in the eastern part in spring, southern part in summer, southwest in autumn and northern part in winter. The range of petroleum hydrocarbons mass fraction in surface sediments was 7-559 mg·kg~(–1)(average:183.4 mg·kg~(–1)). The average Pi was 0.367, indicating that the surface sediments in Daya Bay were not polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon, except Station A9. Petroleum hydrocarbon was a point source in surface sediments, and the high value area was located in the central archipelagic region, northeastern Nan'ao Town and eastern Dalajia Island, and all of those areas were distributed in the petrochemical sewage area, near the channel and the petroleum terminal.
引文
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[40]VENKATACHALAPATHY R,VEERASINGAM S,RAMKU-MAR T.Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in marine sediments along Chennai Coast,Bay of Bengal,India[J].Bull Environ Contamin Toxicol,2010,85(4):397-401.
[41]ABD E A,GAWAD E,LOTFY M M,et al.Assessment of the oil pollution extent in the offshore sediments,Abu Dhabi,UAE[J].Aust J Basic Appl Sci,2008,2(3):561-574.
[42]MILLE G,ASIA L,GUILIANO M,et al.Hydrocarbons in coastal sediments from the Mediterranean Sea(Gulf of Fos area,France)[J].Mar Poll Bull,2007,54(5):566-575.
[43]MZOUGHI N,DACHRAOUI M,VILLENEUVE J P.Evaluation of aromatic hydrocarbons by spectrofluorometry in marine sediments and biological matrix:what reference should be considered?[J].Comptes rendus Chimie,2005,8(1):97-102.
[44]李磊,蒋玫,沈新强,等.长江口及邻近海域水体中石油烃分布特征及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2014(8):1366-1372.
[45]SHRIADAH M.Levels and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in the coastal waters and sediments of the United Arab Emirates in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman[J].Water Air Soil Poll,2000,119(1/2/3/4):247-256.
[46]AHMED O E,MAHMOUD S A,NADY M E.Organic sources in the Egyptian seawater around Alexandria coastal area as integrated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)[J].Egypt JPetr,2016,26(3):817-826.
[47]FAHMY M A,FATTAH L A,ABDEL-HALIM A M,et al.Evaluation of the quality for the Egyptian Red Sea coastal waters during 2011-2013[J].J Environ Prot,2016,7(12):1810-1834.
[2]李磊,蒋玫,王云龙,等.长江口及邻近海域沉积物中石油烃污染特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):752-757.
[3]OU S M,ZHENG J H,ZHENG J S,et al.Petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surficial sediments of Xiamen Harbour and Yuan Dan Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2004,56(2):107-112.
[4]YE B X,ZHANG Z H,MAO T.Petroleum hydrocarbon in surficial sediment from rivers and canals in Tianjin,China[J].Chemosphere,2007,68(1):140-149.
[5]LYLA S,MANOKARAN S,KHAN A.Petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in continental shelf region of southeast coast of India[J].Int J Sediment Res,2012,27(1):73-83.
[6]陈财珍,林静,许贻斌,等.福建省东山湾海洋生态环境中石油烃类分布特征与评价[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(10):73-77.
[7]VEERASINGAM S,VENKATACHALAPATHY R,SUDHA-KAR S,et al.Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in eight mollusc species along Tamilnadu Coast,Bay of Bengal,India[J].JEnviron Sci,2011,23(7):1129-1134.
[8]GILDE K,PINCKNEY J L.Sublethal effects of crude oil on the community structure of estuarine phytoplankton[J].Estuar Coast,2012,35(3):853-861.
[9]EWAOBOHO I,AMU O.Effect of crude oil extracts on early stages of African catfish Heterobranchus longifilis(val.)reared under controlled condition[J].Global J Environ Sci,2010,8(2):23-28.
[10]RODRIGUES R V,MIRANDA-FILHO K C,GUSM?O E P,et al.Deleterious effects of water-soluble fraction of petroleum,diesel and gasoline on marine pejerrey Odontesthes argentinensis larvae[J].Sci Total Environ,2010,408(9):2054-2059.
[11]PACHECO M,SANTOS M A.Biotransformation,endocrine,and genetic responses of Anguilla Anguilla L.to petroleum distillate products and environmentally contaminated waters[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2001,49(1):64-75.
[12]马继臻,袁骐,蒋玫,等.长江口及其邻近水域油污染分布特征及其评价[J].海洋渔业,2007,29(3):251-256.
[13]侯俊妮,张传松,石晓勇.北黄海石油烃含量的季节变化和分布特征[J].渔业科学进展,2011,32(5):121-125.
[14]陈勇民.港口水域石油污染生物降解及生物修复技术的基础研究[D].西安:长安大学,2002:21-27.
[15]VENTURINI N,MUNIZ P,BICEGO M C,et al.Petroleum contamination impact on macrobenthic communities under the influence of an oil refinery:integrating chemical and biological multivariate data[J].Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,2008,78(3):457-467.
[16]周爱国,蔡鹤生.地质环境质量评价理论与应用[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998:70-83.
[17]姜犁明,董良飞,杨季芳,等.大亚湾海域N、P营养盐分布特征研究[J].常州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,25(2):12-15.
[18]韩舞鹰,林洪瑛,黄西能.广东省大亚湾海水交换的研究[J].海洋通报,1988,7(3):1-7.
[19]王聪,林军,陈丕茂,等.大亚湾水交换的数值模拟研究[J].南方水产,2008,4(4):8-15.
[20]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,惠州市海洋与渔业局.惠州市海洋渔业发展规划(1998-2010)[R].1999:50-100.
[21]陈文静,周劲风,李耀初.大亚湾海域水质变化趋势及成因分析[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(s2):28-32.
[22]徐娇娇.大亚湾石化排污对邻近海域生态环境的影响及生态系统健康评价[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013:32-34.
[23]易华.大亚湾海域重金属变化趋势分析[J].广东化工,2012,39(14):111-113,129.
[24]潘建明,扈传昱,刘小涯,等.珠江河口沉积物中石油烃分布及其与河口环境的关系[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(2):23-27.
[25]魏鹏,黄良民,冯佳和,等.珠江口广州海域石油烃的分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2010,29(4):473-476.
[26]唐洪杰,杨茹君,张传松,等.东海赤潮频发区石油烃的季节分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(5):446-449.
[27]谭丽菊,张哲,王江涛,等.山东近海水体石油烃的分布特征研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2009(s1):203-206.
[28]ZHOU R,QIN X B,PENG S T,et al.Total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay,China:long-term variations in pollution status and adverse biolo-gical risk[J].Mar Pollut Bull,2014,83(1):290-297.
[29]秦华伟,刘霞,张娟,等.莱州湾海域水质石油类的分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(5):739-742.
[30]贺玉林,刘泽伟,卢伟华.珠江口内伶仃洋水体和沉积物石油烃的分布特征[J].农业与技术,2012(3):125-127.
[31]王宪,田春雨,郑盛华.湄洲湾表层海水石油烃的分布特征分析[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(2):241-244.
[32]王修林,邓宁宁,李克强,等.渤海海域夏季石油烃污染状况及其环境容量估算[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(4):14-18.
[33]王宪,张元标,李凌云,等.福建省沿岸水体与沉积物中油的分布特征[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2000,39(3):369-374.
[34]张传松,王修林,石晓勇,等.东海赤潮高发区COD和石油烃分布特征及其与赤潮发生关系的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1093-1096.
[35]VEERASINGAM S,VENKATACHALAPATHY R,RAJA P,et al.Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in ten commercial fish species along Tamilnadu Coast,Bay of Bengal,India[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res,2011,18(4):687-693.
[36]陈凯.湄洲湾海域表层沉积物石油类分布特征[J].福建水产,2009(3):27-29.
[37]张树刚,黄小烽,陈雷,等.温州近岸海域石油烃分布特征[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):105-110.
[38]丁光茂.泉州湾表层海水和沉积物中油类的分布特征[J].福建水产,2012,34(1):43-47.
[39]VEERASINGAM S,RAJA P,VENKATACHALAPATHY R,et al.Distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in coastal sediments along Tamilnadu Coast,India[J].Carpath JEarth Environ Sci,2010,5(2):5-8.
[40]VENKATACHALAPATHY R,VEERASINGAM S,RAMKU-MAR T.Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in marine sediments along Chennai Coast,Bay of Bengal,India[J].Bull Environ Contamin Toxicol,2010,85(4):397-401.
[41]ABD E A,GAWAD E,LOTFY M M,et al.Assessment of the oil pollution extent in the offshore sediments,Abu Dhabi,UAE[J].Aust J Basic Appl Sci,2008,2(3):561-574.
[42]MILLE G,ASIA L,GUILIANO M,et al.Hydrocarbons in coastal sediments from the Mediterranean Sea(Gulf of Fos area,France)[J].Mar Poll Bull,2007,54(5):566-575.
[43]MZOUGHI N,DACHRAOUI M,VILLENEUVE J P.Evaluation of aromatic hydrocarbons by spectrofluorometry in marine sediments and biological matrix:what reference should be considered?[J].Comptes rendus Chimie,2005,8(1):97-102.
[44]李磊,蒋玫,沈新强,等.长江口及邻近海域水体中石油烃分布特征及其污染评价[J].环境化学,2014(8):1366-1372.
[45]SHRIADAH M.Levels and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in the coastal waters and sediments of the United Arab Emirates in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman[J].Water Air Soil Poll,2000,119(1/2/3/4):247-256.
[46]AHMED O E,MAHMOUD S A,NADY M E.Organic sources in the Egyptian seawater around Alexandria coastal area as integrated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)[J].Egypt JPetr,2016,26(3):817-826.
[47]FAHMY M A,FATTAH L A,ABDEL-HALIM A M,et al.Evaluation of the quality for the Egyptian Red Sea coastal waters during 2011-2013[J].J Environ Prot,2016,7(12):1810-1834.